Spring and Autumn Annals

In his first year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke came to the [vacant] seat.

In the second month, on Sin-yëw, we buried our ruler, duke Seuen.

There was no ice.

In the third month, the K‘ëw and buff-coat ordinance was made.

In summer, Tsang-sun Heu and the marquis of Tsin made a covenant in Ch‘ih-keih.

In autumn, the king’s army was disgracefully defeated by the Maou-jung.

It was winter, the tenth month.

In the [duke’s] second year, in spring, the marquis of Ts‘e invaded our northern border.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Ping-seuh, Sun Lëang-foo of Wei led a force, and fought with the army of Ts‘e at Sin-chuh, when the army of Wei received a severe defeat.

In the sixth month, on Kwei-yëw, Ke-sun Hăng-foo, Tsang-sun Heu, Shuh-sun K‘eaou-joo, and Kung-sun Ying-ts‘e, led a force, and joined Këoh K‘ih of Tsin, Sun Lëang-foo of Wei, and the Kung-tsze Show of Ts‘aou, [after which] they fought with the marquis of Ts‘e at Gan, when the army of Ts‘e received a severe defeat.

In autumn, in the seventh month, the marquis of Ts‘e sent Kwoh Tso to the army [of the allies], which made a covenant with him on Ke-yëw at Yuen-low.

In the eighth month, on Jin-woo, Paou, duke of Sung, died.

On Kăng-yin, Suh, marquis of Wei, died.

We took the lands of Wăn-yang.

In winter, an army of Ts‘oo and an army of Ch‘ing made an incursion into Wei.

In the eleventh month, the duke had a meeting with the Kung-ts‘e Ying-ts‘e of Ts‘oo in Shuh.

On Ping-shin, the duke made a covenant in Shuh with an officer of Ts‘oo, an officer of Ts‘in, an officer of Sung, an officer of Ch‘in, an officer of Wei, an officer of Ch‘ing, an officer of Ts‘e, an officer of Ts‘aou, an officer of Choo, an officer of Sëeh, and an officer of Tsăng.

In his third year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke joined the marquis of Tsin, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, and the earl of Ts‘aou, in invading Ch‘ing.

On Sin-hae there was the burial of duke Muh of Wei.

In the second month, the duke arrived from the invasion of Ch‘ing.

On Keah-tsze the new temple took fire, when we wailed for it three days.

On Yih-hae there was the burial of duke Wăn of Sung.

In summer, the duke went to Tsin.

K‘eu-tsih, duke [Muh’s] son, of Ch‘ing led an army, and invaded Heu.

The duke arrived from Tsin.

In autumn, Shuh-sun K‘ëaou-joo led an army, and laid siege to Keih.

There was a grand sacrifice for rain.

Këoh K‘ih of Tsin, and Sun Lëang-foo of Wei, invaded the Tsëang-kaou-joo.

In winter, in the 11th month, the marquis of Tsin sent Seun Kăng to Loo on a friendly mission; and the marquis of Wei sent Sun Lëang-foo on the same.

On Ping-woo we made a covenant with Seun Kăng, and on Ting-we we made one with Sun Lëang-foo.

Ch‘ing invaded Heu.

In the [duke’s] fourth year, in spring, the duke of Sung sent Hwa Yuen to Loo on a friendly mission.

In the third month, on Jin-shin, Këen, earl of Ch‘ing, died.

The earl of Ke paid a court-visit to Loo.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Këah-yin, Tsang-sun Heu died.

The duke went to Tsin.

There was the burial of duke Sëang of Ch‘ing.

In autumn, the duke arrived from Tsin.

In winter, we walled Yun.

The earl of Ch‘ing invaded Heu.

In the [duke’s] fifth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the third daughter [of duke Wăn, who had been married to the earl] of Ke, came back to Loo.

Chung-sun Mëeh went to Sung.

In summer, Shuh-sun K‘ëaou-joo had a meeting with Seun Show of Tsin in Kuh.

[A part of] mount Lëang fell down.

In autumn, there were great floods.

In winter, in the eleventh month, on Ke-yëw, the king [by] Heaven’s [grace] died.

In the twelfth month, on Ke-ch‘ow, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Tsin, the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ch‘ing, the earl of Ts‘aou, the viscount of Choo, and the earl of Ke, when they made a covenant together in Ch‘ung-laou.

In his sixth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke arrived from the meeting [at Ch‘ung-laou].

In the second month, on Sin-sze, we set up a temple to [duke] Woo.

We took Chuen.

Sun Lëang-foo of Wei led a force, and made an incursion into Sung.

In summer, in the sixth month, the viscount of Choo came to Loo on a court-visit.

Kung-sun Ying-ts‘e went to Tsin.

On Jin-shin, Pe, earl of Ch‘ing, died.

In autumn, Chung-sun Mëeh and Shuh-sun K‘ëaou-joo led a force, and made an incursion into Sung.

The Kung-tsze Ying-ts‘e of Ts‘oo led a force, and invaded Ch‘ing.

In winter, Ke-sun Hăng-foo went to Tsin.

Lwan Shoo of Tsin led a force and relieved Ch‘ing.

In the [duke’s] seventh year, in spring, in the king’s first month, some field mice ate the horns of the bull for the border sacrifice. It was changed, and another divined for; but the mice again ate its horns, on which the bull was let go.

Woo invaded T‘an.

In summer, in the fifth month, the earl of Ts‘aou came to Loo on a court-visit.

There was no border sacrifice, but still we offered the sacrifices to the three objects of Survey.

In autumn, the Kung-tsze Ying-ts‘e of Ts‘oo led a force and invaded Ch‘ing. The duke joined the marquis of Tsin, the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ts‘aou, the viscount of Keu, the viscount of Choo, and the earl of Ke, in relieving Ch‘ing; and in the 8th month, on Maou-shin [these princes] made a covenant together in Ma-ling.

The duke arrived from the [above] meeting.

Woo entered Chow-lae.

In winter, there was a great sacrifice for rain.

Sun Lin-foo of Wei fled from that State to Tsin.

In the [duke’s] eighth year, in spring, the marquis of Tsin sent Han Ch‘uen to Loo, to speak about the lands of Wăn-yang, which were [in consequence] restored to Ts‘e.

Lwan Shoo of Tsin led a force, and made an incursion into Ts‘ae.

Kung-sun Ying-ts‘e went to Keu.

The duke of Sung sent Hwa Yuen to Loo on a friendly mission.

In summer, the duke of Sung sent Kung-sun Show to Loo, to present his marriage-offerings.

Tsin put to death its great officers, Chaou T‘ung and Chaou Kwoh.

In autumn, in the seventh month, the son of Heaven sent the earl of Shaou to confer on the duke the symbol [of investiture].

In winter, in the tenth month, on Kwei-maou, [duke Wăn’s] third daughter, [who had been married to the earl] of Ke, died.

The marquis of Tsin sent Sze Sëeh to Loo on a friendly mission.

Shuh-sun K‘ëaou-joo joined Sze Sëeh of Tsin, an officer of Ts‘e, and an officer of Choo, in invading T‘an.

An officer came from Wei, with ladies of that State to accompany to her harem [the bride of the duke of Sung.]

In the [duke’s] ninth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the earl of Ke came to Loo, to meet the coffin of duke Wăn’s third daughter, and took it back with him to Ke.

The duke had a meeting with the marquis of Tsin, the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ch‘ing, the earl of Ts‘aou, the viscount of Keu, and the earl of Ke, when they made a covenant together in P‘oo.

The duke arrived from the meeting.

In the second month, duke [Seuen’s] eldest daughter went to her home in Sung.

In summer, Ke-sun Hăng-foo went to Sung, to celebrate the completion of the above lady’s union with the duke of Sung.

An officer came from Tsin with ladies of that State to go to the harem [of Sung].

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Ping-tsze, Woo-yay, marquis of Ts‘e, died.

The people of Tsin seized and held the earl of Ch‘ing, and Lwan Shoo of Tsin led a force and invaded Ch‘ing.

In winter, in the eleventh month, there was the burial of duke K‘ing of Ts‘e.

The Kung-tsze Ying-ts‘e of Ts‘oo led a force and invaded Keu. On Kăng-shin the people of Keu dispersed, and the troops of Ts‘oo entered Yun.

A body of men from Ts‘in and the white Teih invaded Tsin.

A body of men from Ch‘ing laid siege to [the capital of] Heu.

We walled Chung-shing.

In the [duke’s] tenth year, in spring, Hih-pei, younger brother of the marquis of Wei, led a force and made an incursion into Ch‘ing.

In summer, in the fourth month, we divined a fifth time about the border sacrifice. The result was unfavourable, and we did not offer the sacrifice.

In the fifth month, the duke joined the marquis of Tsin, the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, and the earl of Ts‘aou, in invading Ch‘ing.

An officer came from Ts‘e with ladies of that State to go to the harem [of Sung].

On Ping-woo, Now, marquis of Tsin, died.

In autumn, in the seventh month, the duke went to Tsin.

It was winter, the tenth month.

In his eleventh year, in spring, in the king’s third month, the duke arrived from Tsin.

The marquis of Tsin sent Këoh Ch‘ow to Loo on a friendly mission; and on Ke-ch‘ow the duke made a covenant with him.

In summer, Ke-sun Hăng-foo went to Tsin.

In autumn, Shuh-sun K‘ëaou-joo went to Ts‘e.

It was winter, the tenth month.

In the [duke’s], twelfth year, in spring, the duke of Chow left and fled to Tsin.

In summer, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Tsin and the marquis of Wei in So-tsih.

In autumn, a body of men from Tsin defeated the Teih at Këaou-kang.

It was winter, the tenth month.

In the [duke’s] thirteenth year, in spring, the marquis of Tsin sent Këoh E to Loo, to beg the assistance of an army.

In the third month, the duke went to the capital.

In summer, in the fifth month, the duke, going on from the capital, joined the marquis of Tsin, the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ts‘aou, an officer of Choo, and an officer of T‘ăng, in invading Ts‘in.

Loo, earl of Ts‘aou, died in the army.

In autumn, in the seventh month, the duke arrived from the invasion of Ts‘in.

In winter, there was the burial of duke Seuen of Ts‘aou.

In the [duke’s] fourteenth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, Choo, viscount of Keu, died.

In summer, Sun Lin-foo of Wei returned from Tsin to Wei.

In autumn, Shuh-sun K‘ëaou-joo went to Ts‘e, to meet the [duke’s] bride.

The Kung-tsze He of Ch‘ing led a force, and invaded Heu.

In the ninth month, K‘ëaou-joo arrived from Ts‘e with the [duke’s] wife, the lady Këang.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Kăng-yin, Tsang, marquis of Wei, died.

The earl of Ts‘in died.

In the [duke’s] fifteenth year, in spring, in the king’s second month, there was the burial of duke Ting of Wei.

In the third month, on Yih-sze, Chung Ying-ts‘e died.

On Kwei-ch‘ow, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Tsin, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ch‘ing, the earl of Ts‘aou, Ch‘ing the heir-son of Sung, Kwoh Tso of Ts‘e, and an officer of Choo, when they made a covenant together in Ts‘eih.

The marquis of Tsin seized the earl of Ts‘aou, and delivered him at the capital.

The duke arrived from the meeting [at Ts‘eih.]

In summer, in the sixth month, Koo, duke of Sung, died.

The viscount of Ts‘oo invaded Ch‘ing.

In autumn, in the eighth month, there was the burial of duke Kung of Sung.

Hwa Yuen of Sung left the State and fled to Tsin. From Tsin he returned to Sung. Sung put to death its great officer Shan. Yu Shih of Sung fled to Ts‘oo.

In winter, in the eleventh month, Shuh-sun K‘ëaou-joo joined Sze Sëeh of Tsin, Kaou Woo-k‘ëw of Ts‘e, Hwa Yuen of Sung, Sun Lin-foo of Wei, the Kung-tsze Ts‘ëw of Ch‘ing, and an officer of Choo, in having a meeting with Woo at Chung-le.

Heu removed its capital to Sheh.

In the [duke’s] sixteenth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, it rained, and the trees became encrusted with ice.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Sin-we, the viscount of T‘ăng died.

Duke [Muh’s] son, He, of Ch‘ing led a force, and made an inroad into Sung.

In the sixth month, on Ping-yin, the first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed.

The marquis of Tsin sent Lwan Yin to Loo, to ask the assistance of an army.

On Këah-woo, the last day of the moon, the marquis of Tsin fought with the viscount of Ts‘oo and the earl of Ch‘ing at Yen-ling, when the viscount of Ts‘oo and the army of Ch‘ing received a great defeat.

Ts‘oo put to death its great officer, the Kung-tsze Tsih.

In autumn, the duke [went to have] a meeting with the marquis of Tsin, the marquis of Ts‘e, the marquis of Wei, Hwa Yuen of Sung, and an officer of Choo, in Sha-suy; [but the marquis of Tsin] would not see him.

The duke arrived from the meeting.

The duke went to join the viscount of Yin, the marquis of Tsin, Kwoh Tso of Ts‘e, and an officer of Choo, in invading Ch‘ing.

The earl of Ts‘aou returned from the capital.

In the ninth month, the people of Tsin seized Ke-sun Hăng-foo, and lodged him in T‘ëaou-k‘ëw.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Yih-hae, Shuh-sun K‘ëaou-joo fled to Ts‘e.

In the twelfth month, on Yih-ch‘ow, Ke-sun Hăng-foo and Këoh Ch‘ow of Tsin made a covenant in Hoo.

The duke arrived from the meeting.

On Yih-yëw we put to death the duke’s half-brother, Yen.

In the [duke’s] seventeenth year, Pih-kung Kwoh of Wei led a force, and made an incursion into Ch‘ing.

In summer, the duke joined the viscount of Yin, the viscount of Shen, the marquis of Tsin, the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ts‘aou, and an officer of Choo, in invading Ch‘ing.

In the sixth month, on Yih-yëw, they made a covenant together in Ko-ling.

In autumn, the duke arrived from his meeting [with the other princes].

Kaou Woo-k‘ëw of Ts‘e fled to Keu.

In the ninth month, on Sin-ch‘ow, we offered the border sacrifice.

The marquis of Tsin sent Seun Ying to Loo to ask the assistance of an army.

In winter, the duke joined the viscount of Shen, the marquis of Tsin, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ts‘aou, an officer of Ts‘e, and an officer of Choo, in invading Ch‘ing.

In the eleventh month, the duke arrived from the invasion of Ch‘ing.

On Jin-shin, Kung-sun Ying-ts‘e died in Le-shin.

In the twelfth month, on Ting-sze, the sun was eclipsed.

Keoh-tseu, viscount of Choo, died.

Tsin put to death its great officers, Këoh E, Këoh Ch‘ow, and Këoh Che.

The people of Ts‘oo extinguished Shoo-yung.

In the duke’s [eighteenth] year, in spring, in the king’s first month, Tsin put to death its great officer, Seu T‘ung.

On Kăng-shin, Tsin murdered its ruler, Chow-p‘oo.

Ts‘e put to death its great officer, Kwoh Tso.

The duke went to Tsin.

In summer, the viscount of Ts‘oo and the earl of Ch‘ing invaded Sung; [when] Yu Shih of Sung again entered P‘ăng-shing.

The duke arrived from Tsin.

The marquis of Tsin sent Sze K‘ae to Loo on a mission of friendly enquiries.

In autumn, the earl of Ke paid a court-visit to Loo.

In the eighth month, the viscount of Choo paid a court-visit to Loo.

We enclosed the deer park.

On Ke-ch‘ow, the duke died in the state-chamber.

In winter, a body of men from Ts‘oo and one from Ch‘ing made an incursion into Sung.

The marquis of Tsin sent Sze Fang to ask the help of an army.

In winter, in the twelfth month, Chung-sun Mëeh had a meeting with the marquis of Tsin, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, the viscount of Choo, and Ts‘uy Ch‘oo of Ts‘e, when they made a covenant together in Heu-ting.

On Ting-we, we buried our ruler, duke Ch‘ing.