Spring and Autumn Annals

It was the [duke’s] first year, the spring, the king’s first month.

An army of Ts‘e, an army of Sung, and an army of Ts‘aou halted at Nëeh-pih, [in proceeding] to the rescue of Hing.

In summer, in the sixth month, Hing removed [its capital] to E-e.

The army of Ts‘e, the army of Sung, and the army of Ts‘aou walled [the new capital of] Hing.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Mow-shin, duke [Chwang’s] wife, the lady Këang, died at E, an officer of Ts‘e taking her [body] back with him.

A body of men from Ts‘oo invaded Ch‘ing.

In the eighth month, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the earl of Ch‘ing, the earl of Ts‘aou, and an officer of Choo, in Ch‘ing.

In the ninth month, the duke defeated an army of Choo at Yen.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Jin-woo, duke [Hwan’s] son Yëw led an army and defeated an army of Keu at Le, taking Neu of Keu.

In the twelfth month, on Ting-sze, the coffin of duke [Chwang’s] wife arrived from Ts‘e.

In the [duke’s] second year, in spring, in the king’s first month, we [aided in the] walling of Ts‘oo-k‘ëw.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Sin-sze, we buried our duchess, Gae Këang.

An army of Yu and an army of Tsin extinguished Hëa-yang.

In autumn, in the ninth month, the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, an officer of Këang, and an officer of Hwang, made a covenant in Kwan.

In winter, in the tenth month, there was no rain.

A body of men from Ts‘oo made an incursion into Ch‘ing.

In the [duke’s] third year, in spring, in the king’s first month, it did not rain.

In summer, in the fourth month, it did not rain.

A body of men from Seu took Shoo.

In the sixth month, it rained.

In autumn, the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, an officer of Këang, and an officer of Hwang, had a meeting at Yang-kuh.

In winter, duke [Hwan’s] son, Yëw, went to Ts‘e to make a covenant.

A body of men from Ts‘oo invaded Ch‘ing.

In his fourth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke joined the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ch‘in, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ch‘ing, the baron of Heu, and the earl of Ts‘aou, in an incursion into Ts‘ae. [The people of] Ts‘ae dispersed, when the [allies] proceeded to invade Ts‘oo, and halted at Hing.

In summer, Sin-chin, baron of Heu, died.

K‘ëuh Hwan of Ts‘oo came to make a covenant in [the camp of] the armies. The covenant was made at Shaou-ling.

The army of Ts‘e made Yuen T‘aou-t‘oo of Ch‘in prisoner.

In autumn, [the duke], with an officer of Këang and an officer of Hwang, invaded Ch‘in.

In the eighth month, the duke arrived from the invasion of Ts‘oo.

There was the burial of duke Muh of Heu.

In winter, in the twelfth month, Kung-sun Tsze led a force, and joined an officer of Ts‘e, an officer of Sung, an officer of Wei, an officer of Ch‘ing, an officer of Heu, and an officer of Ts‘aou, in an incursion into Ch‘in.

In the [duke’s] fifth year in spring, the marquis of Tsin put to death his heir-son Shin-săng.

Duke Chwang’s eldest daughter came from Ke, and presented her son at our court.

In summer, Kung-sun Tsze went to Mow.

The duke, and the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ch‘in, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ch‘ing, the baron of Heu, and the earl of Ts‘aou, had a meeting with the king’s heir-son in Show-che.

In autumn, in the eighth month, the [above] princes made a covenant in Show-che.

The earl of Ch‘ing stole away home, and did not join in the covenant.

An officer of Ts‘oo extinguished Hëen. The viscount of Hëen fled to Hwang.

In the ninth month, on Mow-shin, the first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed.

In winter, the people of Tsin seized the duke of Yu.

It was the [duke’s] sixth year, the spring, the king’s first month.

In summer, the duke joined the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ch‘in, the marquis of Wei, and the earl of Ts‘aou, in invading Ch‘ing, when they besieged Sin-shing.

In autumn, a body of men from Ts‘oo besieged Heu, and the princes went from Ch‘ing to relieve it.

In winter, the duke arrived from the invasion of Ch‘ing.

In the [duke’s] seventh year, in spring, an officer of Ts‘e invaded Ch‘ing.

In summer, the viscount of Little Choo paid a court visit [to Loo.]

Ch‘ing put to death its great officer, Shin How.

In autumn, in the seventh month, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, Kwan, heir-son of Ch‘in, and Hwa, heir-son of Ch‘ing, when they made a covenant in Ning-moo.

Pan, earl of Ts‘aou, died.

Duke [Hwan’s] son, Yëw, went to Ts‘e.

In winter, there was the burial of duke Ch‘aou of Ts‘aou.

In his eighth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke had a meeting with an officer of the king, the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, the baron of Hëu, the earl of Ts‘aou, and Kwan, heir-son of Ch‘in, when they made a covenant in T‘aou.

The earl of Ch‘ing begged [to be admitted to] the covenant.

In summer, the Teih invaded Tsin.

In autumn, in the seventh month, the duke offered the great sacrifice in the grand temple, and [at the same time] placed the tablet of [duke Chwang’s] wife in his shrine.

In winter, in the twelfth month, on Ting-we, the king [by] Heaven’s [grace] died.

In the duke’s ninth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, on Ting-ch‘ow, Yu-yueh, duke of Sung, died.

In summer, the duke had a meeting with the [king’s] chief minister, the duke of Chow, and with the marquis of Ts‘e, the son [of the late duke] of Sung, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ch‘ing, the baron of Heu, and the earl of Ts‘aou, in K‘wei-k‘ëw.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Yih-yëw, the duke’s eldest daughter died.

In the ninth month, on Mow-shin, the princes made a covenant in K‘wei-k‘ëw.

On Këah-tsze, Kwei-choo, marquis of Tsin, died.

In winter, Le K‘ih put to death He-ts‘e, the son of his [deceased] ruler.

In his tenth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke went to Ts‘e.

The Teih extinguished Wăn; and the viscount of Wăn fled to Wei.

Le K‘ih of Tsin murdered his ruler Ch‘oh, and the great officer Seun Seih.

In summer, the marquis of Ts‘e and the baron of Heu in-vaded the northern Jung.

Tsin put to death its great officer Le K‘ih.

It was autumn, the seventh month.

In winter, there was a great fall of snow.

In the [duke’s] eleventh year, Tsin put to death its great officer, P‘e Ch‘ing-foo.

In summer, the duke and his wife, the lady Këang, had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e in Yang-kuh.

In autumn, in the eighth month, there was a grand sacrifice for rain.

In winter, a body of men from Ts‘oo invaded Hwang.

In the [duke’s] twelfth year, in spring, in the king’s third month, on Kăng-woo, the sun was eclipsed.

In summer, a body of men from Ts‘oo extinguished Hwang.

It was autumn, the seventh month.

In winter, in the twelfth month, on Ting-chow, Ch‘oo-k‘ëw, marquis of Ch‘in, died.

In the [duke’s] thirteenth year, in spring, the Teih made an incursion into Wei.

In summer, in the fourth month, there was the burial of duke Seuen of Ch‘in.

The duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ch‘in, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ch‘ing, the baron of Heu, and the earl of Ts‘aou, in Hëen.

In autumn, in the ninth month, there was a grand sacrifice for rain.

In winter, duke [Hwan’s] son, Yëw, went to Ts‘e.

In the [duke’s] fourteenth year, in spring, the States walled Yuen-ling.

In summer, in the sixth month, the duke’s youngest daughter and the viscount of Tsăng met in Fang, when she caused the viscount to come and pay the duke a court-visit.

In autumn, in the eighth month, on Sin-maou, [part of the hill of] Sha-luh fell down.

The Teih made an incursion into Ch‘ing.

In winter, Hih, marquis of Ts‘ae, died.

In his fifteenth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke went to Ts‘e.

A body of men from Ts‘oo invaded Seu.

In the third month, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ch‘in, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ch‘ing, the baron of Heu, and the earl of Ts‘aou, when they made a covenant in Mow-k‘ëw, and then went on till they halted at K‘wang.

Kung-sun Gaou led a force, and, with the great officers of the [other] princes, [endeavoured to] relieve Seu.

In summer, in the fifth month, the sun was eclipsed.

In autumn, in the seventh month, an army of Ts‘e and an army of Ts‘aou invaded Le.

In the eighth month, there were locusts.

In the ninth month, the duke arrived from the meeting [with the other princes].

The duke’s third daughter went to her home in Tsăng.

On Ke-maou, the last day of the moon, the temple of E-pih was struck by lightning.

In winter, a body of men from Sung invaded Ts‘aou.

The men of Ts‘oo defeated Seu at Low-lin.

In the eleventh month, on Jin-seuh, the marquis of Tsin and the earl of Ts‘in fought at Han, when the marquis of Tsin was taken.

In the [duke’s] sixteenth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, on Mow-shin, the first day of the moon, there fell stones in Sung,—five [of them]. In the same month, six fish-hawks flew backwards, past the capital of Sung.

In the third month, on Jin-shin, duke [Hwan’s] son, Ke Yëw, died.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Ping-shin, the duke’s youngest daughter—she of Tsăng—died.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Këah-tsze, Kung-sun Tsze died.

In winter, in the twelfth month, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ch‘in, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ch‘ing, the baron of Heu, the marquis of Hing, and the earl of Ts‘aou in Hwae.

In the [duke’s] seventeenth year, in spring, a body of men from Ts‘e and a body from Seu invaded Ying-she.

In summer, we extinguished Hëang.

In autumn, the [duke’s] wife, the lady Këang, had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e in P‘ëen.

In the ninth month, the duke arrived from the meeting [at Hwae].

In winter, in the twelfth month, on Yih-hae, Sëaou-pih, marquis of Ts‘e, died.

In the [duke’s] eighteenth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke of Sung, the earl of Ts‘aou, an officer of Wei, and an officer of Choo invaded Ts‘e.

In summer, an army [of ours went to] relieve Ts‘e.

In the fifth month, on Mow-yin, the army of Sung and the army of Ts‘e fought at Yen, when the latter was disgracefully defeated.

The Teih [came to] succour Ts‘e.

In autumn, in the eighth month, on Ting-hae, there was the burial of duke Hwan of Ts‘e.

In winter, a body of men from Hing and a body of the Teih invaded Wei.

In the [duke’s] nineteenth year, in spring, in the king’s third month, the people of Sung seized Ying-ts‘e, viscount of T‘ăng.

In summer, in the sixth month, the duke of Sung, an officer of Ts‘aou, and an officer of Choo, made a covenant in the south of Ts‘aou.

The viscount of Tsăng met and covenanted [with them] in Choo.

On Ke-yëw, the people of Choo seized the viscount of Tsăng, and used him [as a victim].

In autumn, a body of men from Sung invested [the capital of] Ts‘aou.

A body of men from Wei invaded Hing.

In winter, [the duke] had a meeting with an officer of Ch‘in, an officer of Ts‘ae, an officer of Ts‘oo, and an officer of Ch‘ing, when they made a covenant in Ts‘e.

Lëang perished.

In his twentieth year, in spring, [the duke] renewed and altered the south gate [of the capital].

In summer, the viscount of Kaou came [to Loo] on a court-visit.

In the fifth month, on Yih-sze, the western palace was burnt.

A body of men from Ch‘ing entered Hwah.

In autumn, an officer of Ts‘e and an officer of the Teih made a covenant in Hing.

In winter, a body of men from Ts‘oo invaded Suy.

In the [duke’s] twenty-first year, in spring, the Teih made an incursion into Wei.

An officer of Sung, an officer of Ts‘e, and an officer of Ts‘oo, made a covenant at Luh-shang.

In summer, there was great drought.

In autumn, the duke of Sung, the viscount of Ts‘oo, the marquis of Ch‘in, the marquis of Ts‘ae, the earl of Ch‘ing, the baron of Heu, and the earl of Ts‘aou, had a meeting in Yu, when the others seized the duke of Sung, and went on to invade Sung.

In winter, the duke invaded Choo.

The people of Ts‘oo sent E-shin to Loo, to present [some of the] spoils [of Sung.]

In the twelfth month, on Kwei-ch‘ow, the duke had a meeting with [several of] the princes, when they made a covenant in Poh, and liberated the duke of Sung.

In his twenty-second year, the duke invaded Choo, and took Seu-k‘eu.

In summer, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, the baron of Heu, and the viscount of T‘ăng, invaded Ch‘ing.

In autumn, in the eighth month, on Ting-we, we fought with an army of Choo at Shing-hing.

In winter, in the eleventh month, on Ke-sze, the first day of the moon, the duke of Sung fought with an army of Ts‘oo near the Hung, when the army of Sung was disgracefully defeated.

In the [duke’s] twenty-third year, in spring, the marquis of Ts‘e invaded Sung, and laid siege to Min.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Kăng-yin, Tsze-foo, duke of Sung, died.

In autumn, an officer of Ts‘oo invaded Ch‘in.

In winter, in the eleventh month, the viscount of Ke died.

It was the duke’s twenty-fourth year, the spring, the king’s first month.

In summer, the Teih invaded Ch‘ing.

It was autumn, the seventh month.

In winter, the king [by] Heaven’s [grace] left [Chow], and resided in Ch‘ing.

E-woo, marquis of Tsin, died.

In the [duke’s] twenty-fifth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, on Ping-woo, Wei, marquis of Wei, extinguished Hing.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Kwei-yëw, Wei, marquis of Wei, died.

The duke’s eldest daughter, married to a Tang of Sung, came [to Loo] to meet the wife [for her son].

Sung put to death [one of] its great officers.

In autumn, a body of men from Ts‘oo invested [the capital of] Ch‘in, and restored the viscount of Tun to Tun.

There was the burial of duke Wăn of Wei.

In winter, in the twelfth month, on Kwei-hae, the duke had a meeting with the heir-son of Wei and K‘ing of Keu, when they made a covenant in T‘aou.

In his twenty-sixth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, on Ke-we, the duke had a meeting with the viscount of Keu and Ning Suh of Wei, when they made a covenant in Hëang.

A body of men from Ts‘e made an incursion into our western borders, when the duke pursued the army of Ts‘e to He, but did not come up with it.

In summer, a body of men from Ts‘e invaded our northern borders.

A body of men from Wei invaded Ts‘e.

Suy, son of duke [Chwang], went to Ts‘oo, to beg [the assistance of] an army.

In autumn, an officer of Ts‘oo extinguished K‘wei, and carried the viscount of K‘wei back with them.

In winter, a body of men from Ts‘oo invaded Sung, and besieged Min.

The duke, with an army of Ts‘oo, invaded Ts‘e, and took Kuh.

The duke arrived from the invasion of Ts‘e.

In the [duke’s] twenty-seventh year, the viscount of Ke paid a court-visit to Loo.

In summer, in the sixth month, on Kăng-yin, Ch‘aou, marquis of Ts‘e, died.

In autumn, in the eighth month, on Yih-we, there was the burial of duke Hëaou of Ts‘e.

On Yih-sze, Suy, son of duke [Chwang], led an army and entered Ke.

In winter, an officer of Ts‘oo, the marquis of Ch‘in, the marquis of Ts‘ae, the earl of Ch‘ing, and the baron of Heu, laid siege to [the capital of] Sung.

In the twelfth month, on Këah-seuh, the duke had a meeting with the [above] princes, when they made a covenant in Sung.

In the duke’s twenty-eighth year, in spring, the marquis of Tsin made an incursion into Ts‘aou. He [also] invaded Wei.

Mae, son of duke [Chwang], was guarding Wei. [Because] he did not do so successfully, [the duke] put him to death.

A body of men from Ts‘oo [endeavoured to] relieve Wei.

In the third month, on Ping-woo, the marquis of Tsin entered [the capital of] Ts‘aou, seized the earl of Ts‘aou, and gave him to the people of Sung.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Ke-sze, the marquis of Tsin, and the armies of Ts‘e, Sung, and Ts‘in, fought with the men of Ts‘oo in Shing-puh, when the army of Ts‘oo was disgracefully defeated.

Ts‘oo put to death its great officer, Tih-shin.

The marquis of Wei left his State, and fled to Ts‘oo.

In the fifth month, on Kwei-ch‘ow, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Tsin, the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ts‘ae, the earl of Ch‘ing, the viscount of Wei, and the viscount of Keu, when they made a covenant at Tsëen-t‘oo.

The marquis of Ch‘in went to the [above] meeting.

The duke paid a court-visit in the place where the king was.

In the sixth month, Ch‘ing, marquis of Wei, returned from Ts‘oo to his rule in Wei. Yuen Heuen of Wei left the State, and fled to Tsin.

Kwan, marquis of Ch‘in, died.

In autumn, duke [Chwang’s] eldest daughter, [married to the former viscount] of Ke, came to Loo.

Suy, son of duke [Chwang], went to Ts‘e.

In winter, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Tsin, the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ts‘ae, the earl of Ch‘ing, the heir-son of Ch‘in, the viscount of Keu, the viscount of Choo, and an officer of Ts‘in, in Wăn.

The king [by] Heaven’s [grace] held a court of reception in Ho-yang.

On Jin-shin, the duke paid a court-visit in the place where the king was.

An officer of Tsin seized the marquis of Wei, and carried him to the capital.

Yuen Heuen of Wei returned from Tsin to his place in Wei.

The princes then besieged [the capital of] Heu.

Sëang, earl of Ts‘aou, was restored to his State, and forthwith joined the other princes in the siege of Heu.

In the [duke’s] twenty-ninth year, in spring, Koh-loo of Këae came to Loo.

The duke arrived from the siege of [the capital of] Heu.

In summer, in the sixth month, [the duke] had a meeting with an officer of the king, an officer of Tsin, an officer of Sung, an officer of Ts‘e, an officer of Ch‘in, an officer of Ts‘ae, and an officer of Ts‘in, when they made a covenant in Teih-ts‘euen.

In autumn, there was a great fall of hail.

In winter, Koh-loo of Këae came [again] to Loo.

It was the [duke’s] thirtieth year, the spring, the king’s first month.

In summer, the Teih made an incursion into Ts‘e.

In autumn, Wei put to death its great officer, Yuen Heuen, and duke [Wăn’s] son, Hëa.

Ch‘ing, marquis of Wei, returned to Wei.

A body of men from Tsin and one from Ts‘in laid siege to [the capital of] Ch‘ing.

A body of men from Këae made an incursion into Sëaou.

In winter, the king [by] Heaven’s [grace] sent his chief minister, the duke of Chow, to Loo, on a mission of friendly inquiries.

Duke [Chwang’s] son, Suy, went to the capital, and at the same time went to Tsin.

In the [duke’s] thirty-first year, we took the lands of Tse-se.

Duke [Chwang’s] son, Suy, went to Tsin.

In summer, in the fourth month, [the duke] divined a fourth time for [the day of] the border sacrifice.

The divination was adverse, and so the victim was let go.

Still he offered the sacrifices to the three objects of Survey.

It was autumn, the seventh month.

In winter, duke [Chwang’s] eldest daughter—she of Ke—came [to Loo], seeking for a wife [for her son].

The Teih besieged [the capital of] Wei.

In the twelfth month, Wei removed its capital to Te-k‘ëw.

It was the [duke’s] thirty-second year, the spring, the king’s first month.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Ke-ch‘ow, Tsëeh, earl of Ch‘ing, died.

A body of men from Wei made an incursion into [the country of] the Teih.

In autumn, an officer of Wei made a covenant with the Teih.

In winter, in the twelfth month, on Ke-maou, Ch‘ung-urh, marquis of Tsin, died.

In the [duke’s] thirty-third year, in spring, in the king’s second month, an army from Ts‘in entered Hwah.

The marquis of Ts‘e sent Kwoh Kwei-foo to the duke on a mission of friendly inquiries.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Sin-sze, the men of Tsin and the Këang Jung defeated [the army of] Ts‘in at Hëaou.

On Kwei-sze there was the burial of duke Wăn of Tsin.

The Teih made an incursion into Ts‘e.

The duke invaded Choo, and took Tsze-low.

In autumn, duke [Chwang’s] son, Suy, led an army, and invaded Choo.

A body of men from Tsin defeated the Teih in Ke.

In winter, in the tenth month, the duke went to Ts‘e.

In the twelfth month, the duke arrived from Ts‘e.

On Yih-sze, the duke died in the Small chamber.

There fell hoar-frost without killing the grass. Plum trees bore their fruit.

A body of men from Tsin, one from Ch‘in, and one from Ch‘ing, invaded Heu.