Spring and Autumn Annals

In his first year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke came to the [vacant] seat.

Duke [Chwang’s] son, Suy, went to Ts‘e, to meet the [duke’s] bride.

In the third month, Suy arrived with the [duke’s] wife, the lady Këang, from Ts‘e.

In summer, Ke-sun Hăng-foo went to Ts‘e.

Tsin banished its great officer, Seu Këah-foo, to Wei.

The duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e in P‘ing-chow.

Duke [Chwang’s] son, Suy, went to Ts‘e.

In the sixth month, a body of men from Ts‘e took the lands of Tse-se.

In autumn, the viscount of Choo came to Loo on a court-visit.

The viscount of Ts‘oo and an officer of Ch‘ing made an incursion into Ch‘in, and went on to make one into Sung.

Chaou Tun of Tsin led a force to relieve Ch‘in.

The duke of Sung, the marquis of Ch‘in, the marquis of Wei, and the earl of Ts‘aou, joined the army of Tsin at Fei-lin, and invaded Ch‘ing.

In winter, Chaou Ch‘uen of Tsin led a force, and made an incursion into Ts‘ung.

A body of men from Tsin and one from Sung invaded Ch‘ing.

In the [duke’s] second year, in spring, in the king’s second month, on Jin-tsze, Hwa Yuen of Sung, at the head of a force, and duke [Wăn’s] son, Kwei-săng of Ch‘ing, [also] at the head of a force, fought at Ta-keih, when the army of Sung was shamefully defeated, and Hwa Yuen was made prisoner.

An army of Ts‘in invaded Tsin.

In summer, a body of men from Tsin, one from Sung, one from Wei, and one from Ch‘in, made an incursion into Ch‘ing.

In autumn, in the ninth month, on Yih-ch‘ow, Chaou Tun of Tsin murdered his ruler, E-kaou.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Yih-hae, the king [by] Heaven’s [grace] died.

In the [duke’s] third year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the bull for the border sacrifice received some injury in its mouth. It was changed, and the tortoise-shell consulted about the [other] bull. That died, and so the border sacrifice was not offered.

Still [the duke] offered the sacrifices to the three objects of Survey.

There was the burial of king K‘wang.

The viscount of Ts‘oo invaded the Jung of Luh-hwăn.

In summer, a body of men from Ts‘oo made an incursion into Ch‘ing.

In autumn, the Red Teih made an incursion into Ts‘e.

An army of Sung laid siege to [the capital] of Ts‘aou.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Ping-seuh, Lan, earl of Ch‘ing, died.

There was the burial of duke Muh of Ch‘ing.

In his fourth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke and the marquis of Ts‘e [tried to] reconcile Keu and T‘an. The people of Keu were not willing [to be reconciled], and the duke invaded Keu and took Hëang.

Taou, earl of Ts‘in, died.

In summer, in the sixth month, on Yih-yëw, duke [Wăn’s] son, Kwei-săng of Ch‘ing, murdered his ruler, E.

The Red Teih made an incursion into Ts‘e.

In autumn, the duke went to Ts‘e.

The duke arrived from Ts‘e.

In winter, the viscount of Ts‘oo invaded Ch‘ing.

In his fifth year, in spring, the duke went to Ts‘e.

In summer, the duke arrived from Ts‘e.

In autumn, in the ninth month, Kaou Koo of Ts‘e came to meet [his bride], the duke’s second daughter.

Shuh-sun Tih-shin died.

In winter, Kaou Koo of Ts‘e and the duke’s second daughter came to Loo.

A body of men from Ts‘oo invaded Ch‘ing.

In the [duke’s] sixth year, in spring, Chaou Tun of Tsin and Sun Mëen of Wei made an incursion into Ch‘in.

It was summer, the fourth month.

In autumn, in the eighth month, there were locusts.

It was winter, the tenth month.

In his seventh year, in spring, the marquis of Wei sent Sun Lëang-foo to Loo, to make a covenant [with the duke].

In summer, the duke joined the marquis of Ts‘e in invading Lae.

In autumn, the duke arrived from the invasion of Lae.

There was great drought.

In winter, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Tsin, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ch‘ing, and the earl of Ts‘aou, in Hih-jang.

In his eighth year, in spring, the duke arrived from the meeting [at Hih-jang].

In summer, in the sixth month, duke [Chwang’s] son, Suy, went to Ts‘e. When he had got to Hwang, he returned.

On Sin-sze, there was a sacrifice in the grand temple; and Chung Suy died at Ch‘uy.

On Jin-woo, the sacrifice was repeated for the next day; but when the pantomimes entered, they put away their flutes.

On Mow-tsze, [duke Wăn’s] wife, the lady Ying, died.

An army of Tsin and the White Teih invaded Ts‘in.

A body of men from Ts‘oo extinguished Shoo-lëaou.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Këah-tsze, the sun was totally eclipsed.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Ke-ch‘ow, we [had arranged to] bury our duchess, King Ying.

Because of rain the interment was not effected; but on [the next day] Kăng-yin, at mid-day, it was completed.

[The duke] walled P‘ing-yang.

An army of Ts‘oo invaded Ch‘in.

In his ninth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke went to Ts‘e.

The duke arrived from Ts‘e.

In summer, Chung-sun Mëeh went to the capital.

The marquis of Ts‘e invaded Lae.

In autumn, [we] took Kin-mow.

In the eighth month, the viscount of T‘ăng died.

In the ninth month, the marquis of Tsin, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ch‘ing, and the earl of Ts‘aou, had a meeting in Hoo.

Sëun Lin-foo of Tsin led the armies [of the above States], and invaded Ch‘in.

On Sin-yëw, Hih-t‘un, marquis of Tsin, died in Hoo.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Kwei-yëw, Ch‘ing, marquis of Wei, died.

A body of men from Sung laid siege to [the capital of] T‘ăng.

The viscount of Ts‘oo invaded Ch‘ing; [and] Këoh Keueh of Tsin led a force, and relieved it.

Ch‘in put to death its great officer Sëeh Yay.

In his tenth year, in spring, the duke went to Ts‘e. The duke arrived from Ts‘e,

The people of Ts‘e restored to us the lands of Tse-se.

In summer, in the the fourth month, on Ping-shin, the sun was eclipsed.

On Ke-sze, Yuen, marquis of Ts‘e, died.

The Head of the Ts‘uy family of Ts‘e left the State, and fled to Wei.

The duke went to Ts‘e.

In the fifth month, the duke arrived from Ts‘e.

On Kwei-sze, Hea Ch‘ing-shoo of Ch‘in murdered his ruler, P‘ing-kwoh.

In the sixth month, an army of Sung invaded T‘ăng.

Kung-sun Kwei-foo went to Ts‘e, to the burial of duke Hwuy of Ts‘e.

A body of men from Tsin, one from Sung, one from Wei, and one from Ts‘aou, invaded Ch‘ing.

In autumn, the king [by] Heaven’s [grace] sent his youngest brother to Loo on a mission of friendly inquiries.

Kung-sun Kwei-foo led a force to invade Choo, and took Yih.

There were great floods.

Ke-sun Hăng-foo went to Ts‘e.

In winter, Kung-sun Kwei-foo went to Ts‘e.

The marquis of Ts‘e sent Kwoh Tso to Loo on a mission of friendly inquiries.

There was famine.

The viscount of Ts‘oo invaded Ch‘ing.

It was the [duke’s] eleventh year, the spring, the king’s first month.

In summer, the viscount of Ts‘oo, the marquis of Ch‘in, and the earl of Ch‘ing, made a covenant in Shin-ling.

Kung-sun Kwei-foo joined an officer of Ts‘e in invading Keu.

In autumn, the marquis of Tsin had a meeting with the Teih in Tswan-han.

In winter, in the tenth month, the people of Ts‘oo put to death Hëa Ch‘ing-shoo of Ch‘in.

On Ting-hae, the viscount of Ts‘oo entered [the capital of] Ch‘in.

He restored Kung-sun Ning and E Hăng-foo to Ch‘in.

In the duke’s twelfth year, in spring, there was the burial of duke Ling of Ch‘in.

The viscount of Ts‘oo laid siege to [the capital of] Ch‘ing.

In summer, in the sixth month, on Yih-maou, Seun Lin-foo of Tsin led a force, and fought with the viscount of Ts‘oo at Peih, when the army of Tsin was disgracefully defeated.

It was autumn, the seventh month.

In winter, in the twelfth month, on Mow-yin, the viscount of Ts‘oo extinguished Sëaou.

An officer of Tsin, one of Sung, one of Wei, and one of Ts‘aou, made a covenant together at Ts‘ing-k‘ëw.

An army of Sung invaded Ch‘in, [but] a body of men from Wei relieved it.

In the [duke’s] thirteenth year, in spring, an army of Ts‘e invaded Keu.

In summer, the viscount of Ts‘oo invaded Sung.

In autumn, there were locusts.

In winter, Tsin put to death its great officer, Sëen Hwoh.

In the [duke’s] fourteenth year, in spring, Wei put to death its great officer, K‘ung Tah.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Jin-shin, Show, earl of Ts‘aou, died.

The marquis of Tsin invaded Ch‘ing.

In autumn, in the ninth month, the viscount of Ts‘oo laid siege to [the capital of] Sung.

There was the burial of duke Wăn of Ts‘aou.

In winter, Kung-sun Kwei-foo had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e at Kuh.

In the [duke’s] fifteenth year, in spring, Kung-sun Kwei-foo had an interview with the viscount of Ts‘oo in Sung.

In summer, in the fifth month, the people of Sung made peace with the people of Ts‘oo.

In the sixth month, on Kwei-maou, an army of Tsin extinguished the Loo tribe of the Red Teih, and carried Ying-urh, viscount of Loo, back with it to Tsin.

A body of men from Ts‘in invaded Tsin.

The king’s son Chah put to death the earls of Shaou and Maou.

In autumn, there were locusts.

Chung-sun Mëeh had a meeting with Kaou Koo of Ts‘e in Woo-low.

For the first time an [additional] tithe was levied from the acre.

In winter, the larvæ of locusts were produced.

There was famine.

In the [duke’s] sixteenth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, a body of men from Tsin extinguished the Këah and Lëw-yu tribes of the Red Teih.

In summer, the archery-court of [king] Sëuen at Ch‘ing-chow was set on fire.

In autumn, the duke’s eldest daughter, who had been married to [the viscount of] T‘an, returned to Loo [divorced].

In winter, there was a very plentiful year.

In the [duke’s] seventeenth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, on Kăng-tsze, Seih-go, baron of Heu, died.

On Ting-we, Shin, marquis of Ts‘ae, died.

In summer there were the burials of duke Ch‘aou of Heu, and of duke Wăn of Ts‘ae.

In the sixth month, on Kwei-maou, the sun was eclipsed.

On Ke-we, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Tsin, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ts‘aou, and the viscount of Choo, when they made a covenant together in Twan-taou.

In autumn, the duke arrived from the meeting.

In winter, in the eleventh month, on Jin-woo, the duke’s younger brother, Shuh-heih, died.

In the [duke’s] eighteenth year, in spring, the marquis of Tsin and Tsang, heir-son of Wei, invaded Ts‘e.

The duke invaded Ke.

It was summer, the fourth month.

In autumn, in the seventh month, an officer of Choo murdered the viscount of Tsăng in his capital.

On Këah-seuh, Leu, viscount of Ts‘oo, died.

Kung-sun Kwei-foo went to Tsin.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Jin-sëuh, the duke died in the State-chamber.

Kwei-foo was returning from Tsin; but when he got to Săng, he fled to Ts‘e.