Spring and Autumn Annals

In his first year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke came to the [vacant] seat.

The viscount of Ts‘oo, the marquises of Ch‘in and Suy, and the baron of Heu, laid siege to [the capital of] Ts‘ae.

Field-mice ate at the ox for the border sacrifice, so that it died; and another was divined for.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Sin-sze, we offered the border sacrifice.

In autumn, the marquises of Ts‘e and Wei invaded Tsin.

In winter, Chung-sun Ho-ke led a force and invaded Choo.

In the [duke’s] second year, in spring, in the king’s second month, Ke-sun Sze, Shuh-sun Chow-k‘ëw, and Chung-sun Ho-ke, led a force and invaded Choo. They took the lands east of the K‘oh, and those west of the E.

On Kwei-sze, Shuh-sun Chow-k‘ëw and Chung-sun Ho-ke made a covenant with the viscount of Choo at Kow-yih.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Ping-tsze, Yuen, marquis of Wei, died.

The viscount of T‘ăng came on a court visit to Loo.

Chaou Yang of Tsin led a force, and placed Kwae-wae, heir-son of Wei, in Ts‘eih.

In autumn, in the eighth month, on Këah-seuh, Chaou Yang of Tsin led a force, and fought with a force under Han Tah of Ch‘ing at T‘ëeh, when the army of Ch‘ing was shamefully defeated.

In winter, in the tenth month, there was the burial of duke Ling of Wei.

In the eleventh month, Ts‘ae removed [its capital] to Chow-lae.

Ts‘ae put to death its great officer, the Kung-tsze Sze.

In the [duke’s] third year, in spring, Kwoh Hëa of Ts‘e and Shih Man-koo of Wei led a force, and laid siege to Ts‘eih.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Këah-woo, there was an earthquake.

In the fifth month, on Sin-maou, the temples of [dukes] Hwan and He were burned.

Ke-sun Sze and Shuh-sun Chow-k‘ëw led a force, and walled K‘e-yang.

Yoh K‘wăn of Sung led a force, and invaded Ts‘aou.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Ping-tsze, Ke-sun Sze died.

The people of Ts‘ae banished their great officer Kung-sun Lëeh to Woo.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Kwei-maou, the earl of Ts‘in died.

Shuh-sun Chow-k‘ëw and Chung-sun Ho-ke led a force, and laid siege to [the capital of] Choo.

In the [duke’s] fourth year, in spring, in the king’s second month, on Kăng-seuh, a ruffian killed Shin, marquis of Ts‘ae.

Kung-sun Shin of Ts‘ae fled from that State to Woo.

There was the burial of duke Hwuy of Ts‘in.

An officer of Sung seized the viscount of Little Choo.

In summer, Ts‘ae put to death its great officers, Kung-sun Săng and Kung-sun Hoh.

An officer of Tsin seized Ch‘ih, viscount of the Man Jung, and sent him to Ts‘oo.

We walled our outer suburbs on the west.

In the sixth month, on Sin-ch‘ow, the altar of Poh was burned.

In autumn, in the eighth month, Këeh, viscount of T‘ăng, died.

In winter, in the twelfth month, there was the burial of duke Ch‘aou of Ts‘ae.

There was the burial of duke K‘ing of T‘ăng.

In the [duke’s] fifth year, in spring, we walled P‘e.

In summer, the marquis of Ts‘e invaded Sung.

Chaou Yang of Tsin, at the head of a force, invaded Wei.

In autumn, in the ninth month, on Kwei-yëw, Ch‘oo-k‘ëw, marquis of Ts‘e, died.

In winter, Shuh Seuen went to Ts‘e.

In the intercalary month, there was the burial of duke King of Ts‘e.

In the [duke’s] sixth year, in spring, we walled Choo-hëa.

Chaou Yang of Tsin, at the head of a force, invaded Sëen-yu.

Woo invaded Ch‘in.

In summer, Kwoh Hëa and Kaou Chang of Ts‘e came fugitives to Loo.

Shuh Seuen had a meeting with Woo at Cha.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Kăng-yin, Chin, viscount of Ts‘oo, died.

Yang-săng of Ts‘e entered [the capital of] that State.

Ch‘in K‘eih of Ts‘e murdered his ruler T‘oo.

In winter, Chung-sun Ho-ke, at the head of a force, invaded Choo.

Hëang Ch‘aou of Sung, at the head of a force, invaded Ts‘aou.

In the [duke’s] seventh year, in spring, Hwang Yuen of Sung made an incursion, with a force, into Ch‘ing.

Wei Man-to of Tsin made an incursion, with a force, into Wei.

In summer, the duke had a meeting with Woo in Tsăng.

In autumn, the duke invaded Choo. In the eighth month, on Ke-yëw, he entered [the capital of] that State, and brought Yih, viscount of Choo, back with him to Loo.

A body of men from Sung laid siege to [the capital of] Ts‘aou.

In winter, Sze Hwăng of Ch‘ing led a force to relieve Ts‘aou.

In the [duke’s] eighth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke of Sung entered [the capital of] Ts‘aou, and carried Yang, earl of Ts‘aou, back with him to Sung.

Woo invaded us.

In summer, a body of men from Ts‘e took Hwan and Chen.

We sent back Yih, viscount of Choo, to his State.

It was autumn, the seventh month.

In winter, in the twelfth month, Kwo, earl of K‘e, died.

The people of Ts‘e returned Hwan and Chen.

In the [duke’s] ninth year, in spring, in the king’s second month, there was the burial of duke He of K‘e.

Hwang Yuen of Sung led a force and captured an army of Ch‘ing at Yung-k‘ëw.

In summer, a body of men from Ts‘oo invaded Ch‘in.

In autumn, the duke of Sung invaded Ch‘ing.

It was winter, the tenth month.

In the [duke’s] tenth year, in spring, in the king’s second month, Yih, viscount of Choo, came a fugitive to Loo.

The duke joined Woo in invading Ts‘e.

In the third month, on Mow-seuh, Yang-săng, marquis of Ts‘e, died.

In summer, a body of men from Sung invaded Ch‘ing.

Chaou Yang of Tsin led a force, and made an incursion into Ts‘e.

In the fifth month, the duke arrived from the invasion of Ts‘e.

There was the burial of duke Taou of Ts‘e.

Kung-măng K‘ow of Wei returned from Ts‘e to Wei.

E, earl of Sëeh, died.

In autumn, there was the burial of duke Hwuy of Sëeh.

In winter, the Kung-tsze Këeh of Ts‘oo led a force and invaded Ch‘in, when Woo went to the relief of Ch‘in.

In the [duke’s] eleventh year, in spring, Kwoh Shoo of Ts‘e led a force, and invaded us.

In summer, Yuen P‘o of Ch‘in fled from that State to Ch‘ing.

In the fifth month, the duke joined Woo in invading Ts‘e.

On Këah-seuh, Kwoh Shoo of Ts‘e, at the head of a force, fought with Woo at E-ling, when the army of Ts‘e was disgracefully defeated and Kwoh Shoo taken.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Sin-yëw, Yu-woo viscount of T‘ăng, died.

In winter, in the eleventh month, there was the burial of duke Yin of T‘ăng.

She-shuh Ts‘e of Wei fled from that State to Sung.

In the [duke’s] twelfth year, in spring, he imposed a tax upon the lands.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Këah-shin, Măng Tsze died.

The duke had a meeting with Woo in T‘oh-kaou.

In autumn, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Wei and Hwang Yuen of Sung in Yun.

Hëang Ch‘aou of Sung led a force, and invaded Ch‘ing.

In winter, in the twelfth month, there were locusts.

In the [duke’s] thirteenth year, Han Tah of Ch‘ing, at the head of a force, captured the army of Sung at Yen.

In summer, Ch‘ing, baron of Heu, died.

The duke had a meeting with the marquis of Tsin and the viscount of Woo at Hwang-ch‘e.

The Kung-tsze Shin of Ts‘oo led a force and invaded Ch‘in.

Yu-yueh entered [the capital of] Woo.

In autumn, the duke arrived from the meeting at Hwang-ch‘e.

Wei Man-to of Tsin, at the head of a force, made an incursion into Wei.

There was the burial of duke Yuen of Heu.

In the ninth month, there were locusts.

In winter, in the eleventh month, a comet was seen in the east.

A ruffian killed Hëa Gow-foo of Ch‘in.

In the twelfth month, there were locusts.

In the [duke’s] fourteenth year, in spring, [some] hunters in the west captured a lin.

Yih of Little Choo came a fugitive to Loo, transferring to it [the city of] Kow-yih.

In summer, in the fourth month, Ch‘in Hăng seized his ruler; and placed him in Shoo-chow.

On Kăng-seuh, Shuh Seuen died.

In the fifth month, on Kăng-shin, the first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed.

Tsung Shoo of Ch‘in fled from that State to Ts‘oo.

Hëang Tuy of Sung entered Ts‘aou, and held it in revolt.

K‘ing, viscount of Keu, died.

In the sixth month, Hëang Tuy of Sung fled from Ts‘aou to Wei; and Hëang Ch‘aou of Sung came a fugitive to Loo.

The people of Ts‘e murdered their ruler Jin in Shoo-chow.

In autumn, Chaou Yang of Tsin led a force, and invaded Wei.

In the eighth month, on Sin-ch‘ow, Chung sun Ho-ke died.

In winter, Tsung Shoo of Ch‘in entered Ch‘in again from Ts‘oo, and the people of Ch‘in put him to death.

Yuen Mae of Ch‘in fled from that State to Ts‘oo.

There was a comet.

There was famine.

In the [duke’s] fifteenth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, Ch‘ing revolted.

In summer, in the fifth month, Kaou Woo-p‘ei of Ts‘e fled from that State to North Yen.

The earl of Ch‘ing invaded Sung.

In autumn, in the eighth month, there was a grand sacrifice for rain.

Chaou Yang of Tsin led a force and invaded Wei.

In winter, the marquis of Tsin invaded Ch‘ing.

We made peace with Ts‘e.

Kung-măng K‘ow of Wei fled from that State to Ts‘e.

In the [duke’s] sixteenth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, on Ke-maou, K‘wae-wae, heir-son of Wei, entered the capital from Ts‘eih, and Cheh, marquis of Wei, came to Loo a fugitive.

In the second month, Tsze-seuen Ch‘ing of Wei fled from that State to Sung.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Ke-ch‘ow, K‘ung K‘ëw died.