Spring and Autumn Annals

In the first year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke came to the [vacant] seat.

In the second month, on Kwei-hae, the sun was eclipsed.

The king [by] Heaven’s [grace] sent Shuh-fuh to be present at the burial [of duke He].

In summer, in the fourth month, in Ting-sze, we buried our ruler, duke He.

The king [by] Heaven’s [grace] sent the earl of Maou to confer on the duke the symbol [of investiture].

The marquis of Tsin invaded Wei.

Shuh-sun Tih-shin went to the capital.

A body of men from Wei invaded Tsin.

In autumn, Kung-sun Gaou had a meeting with the marquis of Tsin in Ts‘eih.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Ting-we, Shang-shin, heir-son of Ts‘oo, murdered his ruler, Keun.

Kung-sun Gaou went to Ts‘e.

In the [duke’s] second year, in spring, in the king’s second month, on Këah-tsze, the marquis of Tsin and the army of Ts‘in fought a battle in P‘ăng-ya, when the army of Ts‘in was disgracefully defeated.

On Ting-ch‘ow, [the duke] made the Spirit-tablet of duke He.

In the third month, on Yih-sze, [the duke] made a covenant with Ch‘oo-foo of Tsin.

In summer, in the sixth month, Kung-sun Gaou had a meeting with the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ch‘in, the earl of Ch‘ing, and Sze Hwoh of Tsin, when they made a covenant in Ch‘uy-lung.

From the twelfth month [of the last year] it had not rained until the autumn [of this] in the seventh month.

In the eighth month, on Ting-maou, there was the great [sacrificial] business in the grand temple, when [the tablet of] duke He was advanced [to the place of that of duke Min].

In winter, a body of men from Tsin, one from Sung, one from Ch‘in, and one from Ch‘ing invaded Ts‘in.

Duke [Chwang’s] son, Suy, went to Ts‘e, with the marriage offerings [for the duke].

In the [duke’s] third year, in spring, in the king’s first month, Shuh-sun Tih-shin joined an officer of Tsin, an officer of Sung, an officer of Ch‘in, an officer of Wei, and an officer of Ch‘ing, in invading Shin, the people of which dispersed.

In summer, in the fifth month, king [He’s] son, Hoo, died.

A body of men from Ts‘in invaded Tsin.

In autumn, a body of men from Ts‘oo besieged Këang.

It rained locusts in Sung.

In winter, the duke went to Tsin; and in the twelfth month, on Ke-sze, he made a covenant with the marquis of Tsin.

Yang Ch‘oo-foo of Tsin led a force, and invaded Ts‘oo, in order to relieve Këang.

In his fourth year, in spring, the duke arrived from Tsin.

In summer, [the duke] met his wife Këang in Ts‘e.

The Teih made an incursion into Ts‘e.

In autumn, a body of men from Ts‘oo extinguished Këang.

The marquis of Tsin invaded Ts‘in.

The marquis of Wei sent Ning Yu to Loo on a mission of friendly inquiries.

In winter, in the eleventh month, on Jin-yin, the wife [of duke Chwang], the lady Fung, died.

In the [duke’s] fifth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the king sent Shuh of Yung, with mouth-jewels and a carriage and horses [for the funeral of Ch‘ing Fung.]

In the third month, on Sin-hae, we buried our duchess, Ch‘ing Fung.

The king sent the earl of Shaou to be present at the burial.

In summer, Kung-sun Gaou went to Tsin.

A body of men from Ts‘in entered Joh.

In autumn, a body of men from Ts‘oo extinguished Luh.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Këah-shin, Yeh, baron of Heu, died.

In the [duke’s] sixth year, in spring, there was the burial of duke He of Heu.

In summer, Ke-sun Hăng-foo went to Ch‘in.

In autumn, Ke-sun Hăng-foo went to Tsin.

In the eighth month, on Yih-hae, Hwan, marquis of Tsin, died.

In winter, in the tenth month, duke [Chwang’s] son, Suy, went to Tsin, to [be present at] the burial of duke Sëang of Tsin.

Tsin put to death its great officer, Yang Ch‘oo-foo.

Hoo Yih-koo of Tsin fled to the Teih.

In the intercalary month, [the duke] did not inaugurate the month with the usual ceremonies, but still he appeared in the ancestral temple.

In his seventh year, in spring, the duke invaded Choo.

In the third month, on Këah-suh, he took Seu-k‘eu, and went on in consequence to wall Woo.

In summer, in the fourth month, Wang-shin, duke of Sung, died.

The people of Sung put to death [some of] their great officers.

On Mow-tsze, an army of Tsin and one of Ts‘in fought a battle at Ling-hoo.

Sëen Mëeh of Tsin fled to Ts‘in.

The Teih made an incursion into our western borders.

In autumn, in the eighth month, the duke had a meeting with other princes and a great officer of Tsin, when they made a covenant in Hoo.

In winter, Seu invaded Keu.

Kung-sun Gaou went to Keu to superintend a covenant.

It was the [duke’s] eighth year, the spring, the king’s first month.

It was summer, the fourth month.

In autumn, in the eighth month, on Mow-shin, the king [by] Heaven’s [grace] died.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Jin-woo, duke [Chwang’s] son, Suy, had a meeting with Chaou Tun of Tsin, when they made a covenant in Hăng-yung.

On Yih-yëw, duke [Chwang’s] son, Suy, had a meeting with the Loh Jung, and made a covenant with them at Paou.

Kung-sun Gaou left to go to the capital, but he retraced his steps before he got to it. On Ping-seuh he fled to Keu.

There were locusts.

The people of Sung put to death their great officer, the minister of War. The minister of Works of Sung came to Loo a fugitive.

In the [duke’s] ninth year, in spring, the earl of Maou came to Loo, to ask for [a contribution of] money.

The duke’s wife, the lady Këang, went to Ts‘e.

In the second month, Shuh-sun Tih-shin went to the capital.

On Sin-ch‘ow there was the burial of king Sëang.

The people of Tsin put to death their great officer Sëen Too.

In the third month, the duke’s wife, the lady Këang, arrived from Ts‘e.

The people of Tsin put to death their great officers, Sze Hwoh and Ke Ch‘ing-foo.

A body of men from Ts‘oo invaded Ch‘ing. Suy, duke [Chwang’s] son, joined an officer of Tsin, an officer of Sung, an officer of Wei, and an officer of Heu, to relieve Ch‘ing.

In summer, the Teih made an incursion into Ts‘e.

In autumn, in the eighth month, Sëang, earl of Ts‘aou, died.

In the ninth month, on Kwei-yëw, there was an earthquake.

In winter, the viscount of Ts‘oo sent Tsëaou to Loo on a mission of friendly inquiries.

An officer from Ts‘in came to present grave-clothes for duke He and Ch‘ing Fung.

There was the burial of duke Kung of Ts‘aou.

In the [duke’s] tenth year, in spring, in the king’s third month, on Sin-maou, Tsang-sun Shin died.

In summer, Ts‘in invaded Tsin.

Ts‘oo put to death its great officer, E-shin.

From the first month, it did not rain till autumn in the seventh month.

The [duke] made a covenant with the viscount of Soo at Joo-leih.

In winter, the Teih made an incursion into Sung.

The viscount of Ts‘oo and the marquis of Ts‘ae halted in Keueh-mih.

In the [duke’s] eleventh year, in spring, the viscount of Ts‘oo invaded Këun.

In summer, Shuh-chung P‘ăng-săng had a meeting with Këoh Keueh of Tsin in Shing-k‘wang.

In autumn, the earl of Ts‘aou paid a court-visit to Loo.

Duke Chwang’s son, Suy, went to Sung.

The Teih made an incursion into Ts‘e.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Këah-woo, Shuh-sun Tih-shin defeated the Teih in Hëen.

In the [duke’s] twelfth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the earl of Shing came a fugitive to Loo.

The earl of Ke came to Loo on a court-visit.

In the second month, on Kăng-tsze, duke [He’s] daughter—the second one—died.

In summer, a body of men from Ts‘oo laid siege to Ch‘aou.

In autumn, the viscount of T‘ăng came to Loo on a court-visit.

The earl of Ts‘in sent Shuh to Loo on a mission of friendly inquiries.

In winter, in the twelfth month, on Mow-woo, the troops of Tsin and those of Ts‘in fought at Ho-k‘ëuh.

Ke-sun Hăng-foo led a force, and walled Choo and Yun.

It was the [duke’s] thirteenth year, the spring, the k‘ing’s first month.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Jin-woo, Soh, marquis of Ch‘in, died.

K‘eu-seu, viscount of Choo, died.

From the first month it did not rain till autumn, in the seventh month.

The roof of the permanent shrine-house went to ruin.

In winter, the duke went to Tsin; and the marquis of Wei had a meeting with him in Tah.

The Teih made an incursion into Wei.

In the twelfth month, on Ke-ch‘ow, the duke and the marquis of Tsin made a covenant. The duke was returning from Tsin, when the earl of Ch‘ing had a meeting with him in Fei.

In his fourteenth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke arrived from Tsin.

A body of men from Choo invaded our southern border; [and] Shuh P‘ăng-săng led a force, and invaded Choo.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Yih-hae, P‘wan, marquis of Ts‘e, died.

In the sixth month, the duke had a meeting with the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ch‘in, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ch‘ing, the baron of Heu, the earl of Ts‘aou, and Chaou Tun of Tsin; [and] on Kwei-yëw they made a covenant together in Sin-shing.

In autumn, in the seventh month, there was a comet, which entered the Northern Bushel.

The duke arrived from the meeting.

The people of Tsin undertook to establish Tsëeh-tsze as viscount of Choo, but did not do so.

In the ninth month, on Këah-shin, Kung-sun Gaou died in Ts‘e.

Shang-jin, a son of duke [Hwan] of Ts‘e, murdered his ruler, Shay.

Tsze-gae of Sung came to Loo, a fugitive.

In winter, the earl of Shen went to Ts‘e; and the people of Ts‘e seized him and held him prisoner.

The people of Ts‘e [also] seized the second daughter of our house, who was there, and held her prisoner.

In the [duke’s] fifteenth year, in spring, Ke-sun Hăng-foo went to Tsin.

In the third month, Hwa-sun, minister of war, of Sung, came and made a covenant.

In summer, the earl of Ts‘aou came to Loo on a court-visit.

The people of Ts‘e sent back to Loo the coffin of Kung-sun Gaou.

In the sixth month, on Sin-ch‘ow, the first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed. Drums were beaten, and victims were offered at the altar of the land.

The earl of Shen arrived from Ts‘e.

Këoh Keueh of Tsin led a force and invaded Ts‘ae; and on Mow-shin, he entered [the capital of] Ts‘ae.

In autumn, a body of men from Ts‘e made an incursion into our western borders.

Ke-sun Hăng-foo went to Tsin.

In winter, in the eleventh month, [many of] the States made a covenant at Hoo.

In the twelfth month, an officer of Ts‘e came to Loo with the second daughter of our House.

The marquis of Ts‘e made an incursion into our western borders, and then proceeded to invade Ts‘aou, entering within the outer suburbs of its capital.

In the [duke’s] sixteenth year, in spring, Ke-sun Hăng-foo had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e in Yang-kuh; but the marquis would not make a covenant with him.

In summer, in the fifth month, the duke for the fourth time did not give audience to his ministers on the first day of the moon.

In the sixth month, on Mow-shin, duke [Chwang’s] son, Suy, and the marquis of Ts‘e, made a covenant in Se-k‘ëw.

In autumn, in the eighth month, on Sin-we, [duke He’s] wife, the lady Këang, died.

[The duke] pulled down the tower of Ts‘euen.

A force from Ts‘oo, one from Ts‘in, and one from Pa, extinguished Yung.

In winter, in the eleventh month, the people of Sung murdered their ruler, Ch‘oo-k‘ëw.

In the [duke’s] seventeenth year, in spring, an officer of Tsin, an officer of Wei, an officer of Ch‘in, and an officer of Ch‘ing, invaded Sung.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Kwei-hae, we buried our duchess, Shing Këang.

The marquis of Ts‘e invaded our western borders. In the sixth month, on Kwei-we, the duke and the marquis of Ts‘e made a covenant in Kuh.

[Several] of the States had a meeting in Hoo.

In autumn, the duke arrived from Kuh.

Duke [Chwang’s] son, Suy, went to Ts‘e.

In his eighteenth year, in spring, in the king’s second month, on Ting-ch‘ow, the duke died, [in a chamber] beneath [one] of his towers.

Ying, earl of Ts‘in, died.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Mow-seuh, the people of Ts‘e murdered their ruler, Shang-jin.

In the sixth month, on Kwei-yëw, we buried our ruler, duke Wăn.

In autumn, duke [Chwang’s] son, Suy, and Shuh-sun Tih-shin, went to Ts‘e.

In winter, in the tenth month, the [duke’s] son died.

The [duke’s] wife, the lady Këang, went back to Ts‘e.

Ke-sun Hăng-foo went to Ts‘e.

Keu murdered its ruler, Shoo-k‘e.