Spring and Autumn Annals

[It was] the [duke’s] first year, the spring, the king’s first month.

In the third month, the [late duke’s] wife retired to Ts‘e.

In summer, the earl of Shen escorted the king’s daughter.

In autumn, a reception house was built for the king’s daughter outside [the city wall].

In winter, in the tenth month, on Yih-hae, Lin, marquis of Ch‘in, died.

The king sent Shuh of Yung [to Loo] to confer on duke Hwan [certain] symbols of his favour.

The king’s daughter went to her home in Ts‘e.

An army of Ts‘e carried away [the inhabitants of] P‘ing, Tsze, and Woo, [cities of] Ke.

In the [duke’s] second year, in spring, in the king’s second month, there was the burial of duke Chwang of Ch‘in.

In summer, duke [Hwan’s] son K‘ing-foo led a force, and invaded Yu-yu-k‘ëw.

In autumn, in the seventh month, the king’s daughter, [married to the marquis] of Ts‘e, died.

In winter, in the twelfth month, the [late duke’s] wife, the lady Këang, had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e in Choh.

On Yih-yëw, P‘ing, duke of Sung, died.

In the [duke’s] third year, in spring, in the king’s first month, Neih joined an army of Ts‘e in invading Wei.

In summer, in the fourth month, there was the burial of duke Chwang of Sung.

In the fifth month, there was the burial of king Hwan.

In autumn, the third brother of [the marquis of] Ke entered with [the city of] Hwuy under [the protection of] Ts‘e.

In winter the duke halted in Hwah.

In the [duke’s] fourth year, in spring, in the king’s second month, [duke Hwan’s] wife, the lady Këang, feasted the marquis of Ts‘e at Chuh-k‘ëw.

In the third month, [duke Yin’s] eldest daughter, [who had been married to the marquis] of Ke, died.

In summer, the marquis of Ts‘e, the marquis of Ch‘in, and the earl of Ch‘ing met at Ch‘uy.

The marquis of Ke made a grand leaving of his State.

In the sixth month, on Yih-ch‘ow, the marquis of Ts‘e interred [duke Yin’s] eldest daughter of Ke.

It was autumn, the seventh month.

In winter, the duke and an officer of Ts‘e hunted in Choh.

It was [the duke’s] fifth year, the spring, the king’s first month.

In summer, [duke Hwan’s] wife, the lady Këang went to the army of Ts‘e.

In autumn, Le-lae of E paid a visit to our court.

In winter, the duke joined an officer of Ts‘e, an officer of Sung, an officer of Ch‘in, and an officer of Ts‘ae, and invaded Wei.

In the [duke’s] sixth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, Tsze-tuh, an officer of the king, [endeavoured to] relieve [the capital of] Wei.

In summer, in the sixth month, Soh, marquis of Wei, entered [the capital of] Wei.

In autumn, the duke arrived from the invasion of Wei.

There were the ming-insects.

In winter, an officer of Ts‘e came to present [to Loo] the spoils of Wei.

In the [duke’s] seventh year, in spring, [duke Hwan’s] wife, the lady Këang, had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e at Fang.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Sin-maou, at night, the regular stars were not visible. At midnight, there was a fall of stars like rain.

In autumn, there were great floods, so that there was no wheat nor other grain in the blade.

In winter, [duke Hwan’s] wife, the lady Këang, had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e in Kuh.

In the [duke’s] eighth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, [our] army halted at Lang, to wait for the troops of Ch‘in, and the troops of Ts‘ae.

On Këah-woo, we exercised the soldiers in the use of their weapons.

In summer, [our] army and the army of Ts‘e besieged Shing. Shing surrendered to the army of Ts‘e.

In autumn, [our] army returned.

In winter, in the eleventh month, on Kwei-we, Woo-che of Ts‘e murdered his ruler, Choo-urh.

In the [duke’s] ninth year, in spring, the people of Ts‘e killed Woo-che.

The duke made a covenant with [some] great officers of Ts‘e at Ke.

In summer, the duke invaded Ts‘e, intending to instate Këw; [but] Sëaou-pih [had already] entered Ts‘e.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Ting-yëw, there was the burial of duke Sëang of Ts‘e.

In the eighth month, on Kăng-shin, we fought with the army of Ts‘e at Kan-she, when our army received a severe defeat.

In the ninth month, the people of Ts‘e took Tsze-këw, and put him to death.

In winter, we deepened the Shoo.

In his tenth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke defeated the army of Ts‘e at Ch‘ang-choh.

In the second month, the duke made an incursion into Sung.

In the third month, the people of Sung removed [the State of] Suh.

In summer, in the sixth month, an army of Ts‘e and an army of Sung halted at Lang. The duke defeated the army of Sung at Shing-k‘ëw.

In autumn, in the ninth month, King defeated the army of Ts‘ae at Sin, and carried Hëen-woo, marquis of Ts‘ae, back [to King].

In winter, in the tenth month, an army of Ts‘e extinguished T‘an. The viscount of T‘an fled to Keu.

It was the [duke’s] eleventh, year, the spring, the king’s first month.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Mow-yin, the duke defeated an army of Sung at Tsze.

In autumn, there were great floods in Sung.

In winter, a daughter of the king went to her home in Ts‘e.

In the [duke’s] twelfth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, duke [Yin’s] third daughter, [who had been married to the marquis] of Ke, went [from Loo] to Hwuy.

It was summer, the fourth month.

In autumn, in the eighth month, on Këah-woo, Wan of Sung murdered his ruler Tsëeh, and his great officer K‘ëw-muh.

In winter, in the tenth month, Wan of Sung fled to Ch‘in.

In the [duke’s] thirteenth year, in spring, the marquis of Ts‘e, an officer of Sung, an officer of Ch‘in, an officer of Ts‘ae, and an officer of Choo, had a meeting at Pih-hăng.

In summer, in the sixth month, an army of Ts‘e extinguished Suy.

It was autumn, the seventh month.

In winter, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e, when they made a covenant at Ko.

In the [duke’s] fourteenth year, in spring, an army of Ts‘e, an army of Ch‘in, and an army of Ts‘aou, invaded Sung.

In summer, the earl of Shen joined in the invasion of Sung.

In autumn, in the seventh month, King entered [the capital of] Ts‘ae.

In winter, the earl of Shen had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, and the earl of Ch‘ing, at Keuen.

In the [duke’s] fifteenth year, in spring, the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ch‘in, the marquis of Wei, and the earl of Ch‘ing, had a meeting at Keuen.

In summer, [duke Hwan’s] wife, the lady Këang, went to Ts‘e.

In autumn, a body of men from Sung, one from Ts‘e, and one from Choo, invaded E.

A body of men from Ch‘ing made an inroad into Sung.

It was winter, the tenth month.

It was the [duke’s] sixteenth year, the spring, the king’s first month.

In summer, a body of men from Sung, one from Ts‘e, and one from Wei, invaded Ch‘ing.

In autumn, King invaded Ch‘ing.

In winter, in the twelfth month, [the duke] had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ch‘in, the marquis of Wei, the earl of Ch‘ing, the baron of Heu, the earl of Hwah, and the viscount of T‘ăng, when they made a covenant together in Yëw.

K‘ih, viscount of Choo, died.

In the [duke’s] seventeenth year, in spring, the people of Ts‘e made Chen of Ch‘ing prisoner.

In summer, the men of Ts‘e in Suy were all slaughtered.

In autumn, Chen of Ch‘ing made his escape from Ts‘e [to Loo].

In winter there were many deer.

In the [duke’s] eighteenth year, in spring, in the king’s third month, the sun was eclipsed.

In summer, the duke pursued the Jung to the west of the Tse.

In autumn there were yih.

It was winter, the tenth month.

It was the [duke’s] nineteenth year, the spring, the king’s first month.

It was summer, the fourth month.

In autumn, Këeh, a son of duke [Hwan], was escorting to Keuen a daughter to accompany to the harem the wife of an officer of Ch‘in, when he took occasion to make a covenant with the marquis of Ts‘e and the duke of Sung.

[Duke Hwan’s] wife, the lady Këang went to Keu.

In winter, a body of men from Ts‘e, a body from Sung, and one from Ch‘in, invaded our western borders.

In the [duke’s] twentieth year, in spring, in the king’s second month, [duke Hwan’s] wife, the lady Këang, went to Keu.

In summer, there was a great disaster from fire in Ts‘e.

It was autumn, the seventh month.

In winter, a body of men from Ts‘e smote the Jung.

It was the [duke’s] twenty-first year, the spring, the king’s first month.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Sin-yëw, Tuh, earl of Ch‘ing, died.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Mow-seuh, [duke Hwan’s] wife, the lady Këang, died.

In winter, in the twelfth month, there was the burial of duke Le of Ch‘ing.

In his twenty-second year, in spring, in the king’s first month, [the duke] pardoned [all] inadvertent offences however great.

On Kwei-ch‘ow we buried our duchess, Wăn Këang.

The people of Ch‘in put to death Yu-k‘ow, son of their marquis.

It was summer, the fifth month.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Ping-shin, the duke made a covenant with Kaou He of Ts‘e in Fang.

In winter, the duke went to Ts‘e, and presented the marriage-offerings of silk.

In his twenty-third year, in spring, the duke arrived from Ts‘e.

Shuh of Chae came to Loo with friendly inquiries.

In summer, the duke went to Ts‘e to see [the service at] the altar to the Spirits of the land.

The duke arrived from Ts‘e.

An officer of King came to Loo with friendly inquiries.

The duke and the marquis of Ts‘e met at Kuh.

Shuh of Sëaou paid a court visit to the duke.

In autumn, the duke painted red the pillars of [duke] Hwan’s temple.

In winter, in the eleventh month, Yih-koo, earl of Ts‘aou died.

In the twelfth month, on Keah-yin, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e, when they made a covenant at Hoo.

In the duke’s twenty-fourth year, in spring, in the king’s third month, he carved the rafters of [duke] Hwan’s temple.

There was the burial of duke Chwang of Ts‘aou.

In summer, the duke went to Ts‘e to meet his bride.

In autumn, the duke arrived from Ts‘e.

In the eighth month, his wife, the lady Këang, entered [the capital].

On Mow-yin, the great officers belonging to the ducal House, and their wives, had an interview with her, and presented offerings of silks.

There were great floods.

In winter, the Jung made an inroad into Ts‘aou, when Ke of Ts‘aou fled to Ch‘in, and Ch‘ih returned to Ts‘aou.

The duke of Kwoh—

In the [duke’s] twenty-fifth year, in spring, the marquis of Ch‘in sent Joo Shuh to Loo with friendly inquiries.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Kwei-ch‘ow, Soh, marquis of Wei, died.

In the sixth month, on Sin-we, the first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed, when we beat drums, and offered victims at the altar of the land.

The duke’s eldest daughter went to her home in Ke.

In autumn, there were great floods, when we beat drums, and offered victims at the altar of the land, and at the [city] gates.

In winter, duke [Hwan’s] son Yëw went to Ch‘in.

In his twenty-sixth year, in spring, the duke invaded the Jung.

In summer, the duke arrived from the invasion of the Jung.

Ts‘aou put to death one of its great officers.

In autumn, the duke joined an officer of Sung and an officer of Ts‘e in invading Seu.

In winter, in the twelfth month, on Kwei-hae, the first day of the moon the sun was eclipsed.

In his twenty-seventh year, in spring, the duke had a meeting with his eldest daughter, [married to the heir] of Ke, in T‘aou.

In summer, in the sixth month, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ch‘in, and the earl of Ch‘ing, when they made a covenant together in Yëw.

In autumn, duke [Hwan’s] son, Yëw, went to Ch‘in to the burial of Yuen Chung.

In winter, the duke’s eldest daughter—she of Ke—came [to Loo].

K‘ing of Keu came to meet the duke’s third daughter as his bride.

The earl of Ke appeared at our court.

The duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e in Shing-puh.

In the [duke’s] twenty-eighth year, in spring, in the king’s third month, on Keah-yin, an army of Ts‘e invaded Wei. The men of Wei and the men of Ts‘e fought a battle, when the men of Wei received a disgraceful defeat.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Ting-we, So, viscount of Choo, died.

In autumn, King invaded Ch‘ing.

The duke joined an officer of Ts‘e and an officer of Sung in relieving Ch‘ing.

In winter we enclosed Mei.

There was a great want of wheat and rice.

Tsang-sun Shin represented the case to Ts‘e, [and obtained leave] to buy grain there.

In the [duke’s] twenty-ninth year, in spring he repaired his stables.

In summer, a body of men from Ch‘ing made an incursion into Heu.

In autumn, there was [a plague of] fei insects.

In winter, [duke Yin’s] third daughter—she of Ke—died.

We walled Choo and Fang.

It was the [duke’s] thirtieth year, the spring, the king’s first month.

In summer, [our] troops halted at Ch‘ing.

In autumn, in the seventh month, a body of men from Ts‘e reduced Chang.

In the eighth month, on Kwei-hae, we buried [duke Yin’s] third daughter,—her of Ke.

In the ninth month, on Kăng-woo, the first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed, when we beat drums and offered victims at the altar of the land.

In winter, the duke and the marquis of Ts‘e met on the Loo side of the Tse.

An officer of Ts‘e invaded the hill Jung.

In his thirty first year, in spring, [the duke] built a tower in Lang.

In summer, in the fourth month, the earl of Sëeh died.

[The duke] built a tower in Sëeh.

In the sixth month, the marquis of Ts‘e came and presented [to the duke some of the] prisoners and spoils of the Jung.

In autumn, [the duke] built a tower in Ts‘in.

In winter, there fell no rain.

In the [duke’s] thirty-second year, in spring, he walled Sëaou-kuh.

In summer, the duke of Sung and the marquis of Ts‘e met in Lëang-k‘ëw.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Kwei-sze, duke [Hwan’s] son, Ya, died.

In the eighth month, on Kwei-hae, the duke died in the State-chamber.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Ke-we, the [duke’s] son, Pan, died.

Duke [Hwan’s] son, K‘ing-foo, went to Ts‘e.

The Teih invaded Hing.