Spring and Autumn Annals

In his first year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke succeeded duke Yin.

In the third month, the duke had a meeting with the earl of Ch‘ing in Chuy.

The earl of Ch‘ing borrowed the fields of Heu for a peih symbol.

In summer, in the fourth month, on [the day] Ting-we, the duke and the earl of Ch‘ing made a covenant in Yueh.

In autumn there were great floods.

It was winter, the tenth month.

In the [duke’s] second year, in spring, in the king’s first month, on [the day] Mow-shin, Tuh of Sung murdered his ruler Yu-e, and the great officer K‘ung-foo.

The viscount of T‘ăng appeared at the court of Loo.

In the third month, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e, the marquis of Ch‘in, and the earl of Ch‘ing, at Tseih, to settle the confusion of Sung.

In summer, in the fourth month, the duke brought the tripod of Kaou from Sung, and on [the day] Mow-shin deposited it in the Grand temple.

In autumn, in the seventh month, the marquis of Ke came to the court of Loo.

The marquis of Ts‘ae and the earl of Ch‘ing had a meeting at T‘ăng.

In the ninth month we entered Ke.

The duke and the Jung made a covenant in T‘ang.

In winter the duke arrived from T‘ang.

In his third year, in spring, in the first month, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e in Ying.

In summer, the marquis of Ts‘e and the marquis of Wei pledged each other at P‘oo.

In the sixth month, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ke in Shing.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on [the day] Jin-shin, the first day of the moon, the sun was totally eclipsed.

Duke [Hëaou’s] son, Hwuy, went to Ts‘e, to meet the [duke’s] bride.

In the ninth month, the marquis of Ts‘e escorted his daughter to Hwan.

The duke and the marquis of Ts‘e had a meeting in Hwan.

The [duke’s] wife, the lady Këang, arrived from Ts‘e.

In winter, the marquis of Ts‘e, sent his younger brother Nëen with friendly inquiries.

There was a good year.

In his fourth year, in spring, in the first month, the duke hunted in Lang.

In summer, the king [by] Heaven’s [grace], sent the [sub-] administrator, K‘ëu Pih-këw, to Loo with friendly inquiries.

In the [duke’s] fifth year, in spring, in the first month, on Këah-seuh or Ke-ch‘ow, Paou, marquis of Ch‘in, died.

In summer, the marquis of Ts‘e and the earl of Ch‘ing went to Ke.

The king [by] Heaven’s [grace], sent the son of Jing Shuh to Loo with friendly inquiries.

There was the burial of duke Hwan of Ch‘in.

We walled Chuh-k‘ëw.

In autumn, an army of Ts‘ae, an army of Wei, and an army of Ch‘in followed the king and invaded Ch‘ing.

There was a grand sacrifice for rain.

There were locusts.

In winter the duke of Chow went to Ts‘aou.

In the [duke’s] sixth year, in spring, in the first month, Shih came to Loo.

In summer, in the fourth month, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ke in Ching.

In autumn, in the eighth month, on Jin-woo, [the duke] held a grand military review.

The people of Ts‘ae put to death T‘o of Ch‘in.

In the ninth month, on [the day] Ting-maou, the [duke’s] son, T‘ung, was born.

In winter, the marquis of Ke came to [our] court.

In his seventh year, in spring, in the second month, on Ke-hae, the duke hunted with fire in Hëen-k‘ëw.

In summer, Suy, earl of Kuh, came to [our] court.

Woo-le, marquis of T‘ăng, came to [our] court.

In the [duke’s] eighth year, in spring, in the first month, on Ke-maou, we offered the winter sacrifice.

The king [by] Heaven’s [grace] sent Këa Foo to Loo with friendly inquiries.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Ting-ch‘ow, we offered the winter sacrifice.

In autumn, we invaded Choo.

In winter, in the tenth month, there was snow.

The duke of Chae came [to Loo], and immediately after went to meet the king’s bride in Ke.

In the [duke’s] ninth year, in spring, the lady Këang, fourth daughter of [the marquis of] Ke, went to her palace in the capital.

It was summer, the fourth month.

It was autumn, the seventh month.

In winter, the earl of Ts‘aou sent his heir-son, Yih-koo, to our court.

In the [duke’s] tenth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, on Kăng-shin, Chung-săng, earl of Ts‘aou, died.

In summer, in the fifth month, there was the burial of duke Hwan of Ts‘aou.

In autumn, the duke [went to] have a meeting with the marquis of Wei in T‘aou-k‘ëw, but did not meet with him.

In winter, in the twelfth month, on Ping-woo, the marquis of Ts‘e, the marquis of Wei, and the earl of Ch‘ing came and fought [with us] at Lang.

In the [duke’s] eleventh year, in spring, in the first month, an officer of Ts‘e, an officer of Wei, and an officer of Ch‘ing made a covenant in Goh-ts‘aou.

In summer, in the fifth month, on [the day] Kwei-we, Woo-săng, earl of Ch‘ing, died.

In autumn, in the seventh month, there was the burial of duke Chwang of Ch‘ing.

In the ninth month, the people of Sung seized Chae Chung of Ch‘ing.

Tuh returned to Ch‘ing.

Hwuh of Ch‘ing fled to Wei.

Yëw had a meeting with the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ch‘in, and the third brother of [the marquis of] Ts‘ae, in Cheh.

The duke had a meeting with the duke of Sung in Foo-chung.

In winter, in the twelfth month, the duke had a meeting with the duke of Sung in K‘an.

It was the [duke’s] twelfth year, the spring, the first month.

In summer, in the sixth month, on Jin-yin, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ke and the viscount of Keu, when they made a covenant at K‘ëuh-ch‘e.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Ting-hae, the duke had a meeting with the duke of Sung, and an officer of Yen, when they made a covenant at Kuh-k‘ëw.

In the eighth month, on Jin-shin, Yoh, marquis of Ch‘in, died.

The duke had a meeting with the duke of Sung in Heu.

In winter, in the eleventh month, the duke had a meeting with the duke of Sung in Kwei.

On Ping-seuh, the duke had a meeting with the earl of Ch‘ing, when they made a covenant at Woo-foo.

On Ping-seuh, Tsin, marquis of Wei, died.

In the twelfth month, [our army] and the army of Ch‘ing invaded Sung; and on Ting-we a battle was fought in Sung.

In his thirteenth year, in spring, in the second month, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ke and the earl of Ch‘ing; and on Ke-sze they fought with the marquis of Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, and an officer of Yen, when the armies of Ts‘e, Sung, Wei, and Yen received a severe defeat.

In the third month there was the burial of duke Seuen of Wei.

In summer there were great floods.

It was autumn, the seventh month.

It was winter, the tenth month.

In his fourteenth year, in spring, in the first month, the duke had a meeting with the earl of Ch‘ing in Ts‘aou.

There was no ice.

In summer, in the 5th [month],——the earl of Ch‘ing sent his younger brother Yu to Loo to make a covenant.

In autumn, in the eighth month, on Jin-shin, the granary of the ancestral temple was struck with lightning.

On Yih-hae we offered the autumnal sacrifice.

In winter, in the twelfth month, on Ting-sze, Luh-foo, marquis of Ts‘e, died.

An officer of Sung, with an officer of Ts‘e, an officer of Ts‘ae, an officer of Wei, and an officer of Ch‘in, invaded Ch‘ing.

In the [duke’s] fifteenth year, in spring, in the second month, the king [by] Heaven’s [grace] sent Këa Foo to Loo to ask for carriages.

In the third month, on Yih-we, the king [by] Heaven’s [grace] died.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Ke-sze, there was the burial of duke He of Ts‘e.

In the fifth month, Tuh, earl of Ch‘ing, fled to Ts‘ae.

Hwuh, heir-son of Ch‘ing, returned to his dignity in Ch‘ing.

The third brother of [the baron of] Heu entered into Heu.

The duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e in Gae.

An officer of Choo, an officer of Mow, and an officer of Koh came to [our] court.

In autumn, in the ninth month, Tuh, earl of Ch‘ing, entered into Leih.

In winter, in the eleventh month, the duke joined the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, and the marquis of Ch‘in, at Ch‘e, and they invaded Ch‘ing.

In his sixteenth year, in spring, in the first month, the duke had a meeting with the duke of Sung, the marquis of Ts‘ae, and the marquis of Wei, in Ts‘aou.

In summer, in the fourth month, the duke joined the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, the marquis of Ch‘in, and the marquis of Ts‘ae, in invading Ch‘ing.

In autumn, in the seventh month, the duke arrived from the invasion of Ch‘ing.

In winter, we walled Hëang.

In the eleventh month, Soh, marquis of Wei, fled to Ts‘e.

In his seventeenth year, in spring, in the first month, on Ping-shin, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e and the marquis of Ke, when they made a covenant in Hwang.

In the second month, on Ping-woo, the duke had a meeting with E-foo of Choo, when they made a covenant in Ts‘uy.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Ping-woo, we fought with the army of Ts‘e at He.

In the sixth month, on Ting-ch‘ow, Fung-jin, marquis of Ts‘ae, died.

In autumn, in the eighth month, the fourth brother of [the marquis of] Ts‘ae returned from Ch‘in to Ts‘ae.

On Kwei-sze there was the burial of the marquis Hwan of Ts‘ae.

Along with an army of Sung and an army of Wei, [we] invaded Choo.

In winter, in the tenth month, the first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed.

In his eighteenth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e, near the Luh, after which the duke and his wife, the lady Këang, went to Ts‘e.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Ping-tsze, the duke died in Ts‘e; and on Ting-yew, his coffin arrived from Ts‘e.

It was autumn, the seventh month.

In winter, in the twelfth month, on Ke-ch‘ow, we buried our ruler, duke Hwan.