Spring and Autumn Annals

In his first year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke came to the [vacant] seat.

Shuh-sun P‘aou had a meeting with Chaou Woo of Tsin, the Kung-tsze Wei of Ts‘oo, Kwoh Joh of Ts‘e, Hëang Seuh of Sung, Ts‘e Goh of Wei, the Kung-tsze Shaou of Ch‘in, the Kung-sun Kwei-săng of Ts‘ae, Han Hoo of Ch‘ing, a minister of Heu, and a minister of Ts‘aou, in Kwoh.

In the third month, we took Yun.

In summer, K‘ëen, younger brother of the earl of Ts‘in, fled from that State to Tsin.

In the sixth month, on Ting-sze, Hwa, viscount of Choo, died.

Seun Woo of Tsin led a force, and defeated the Teih at Ta-loo.

In autumn, K‘eu-tsih of Keu entered into that State from Ts‘e.

Chen-yu of Keu fled from that State to Woo.

Shuh Kung led a force, and laid out the boundaries of the lands of Yun.

There was the burial of duke Taou of Choo.

In winter, in the eleventh month, on Ke-yëw, Keun, viscount of Ts‘oo, died.

The Kung-tsze P‘e of Ts‘oo fled from that State to Tsin.

In the [duke’s] second year, in spring, the marquis of Tsin sent Han K‘e to Loo on a complimentary visit.

In summer, Shuh Kung went to Tsin.

In autumn, Ch‘ing put to death its great officer, the Kung-sun Hih.

In winter, the duke was going to Tsin, but when he got to the Ho, he returned; and K‘e-sun Suh went to Tsin.

In the [duke’s] third year, in spring, in the king’s first month, on Ting-we, Yuen, viscount of T‘ăng, died.

In summer, Shuh Kung went to T‘ăng.

In the fifth month, there was the burial of duke Ch‘ing of T‘ăng.

In autumn, the viscount of Little Choo came to the court [of Loo].

In the eighth month, there was a grand sacrifice for rain.

In winter there was a great fall of hail.

K‘wan, earl of North Yen, fled from his State to Ts‘e.

In the [duke’s] fourth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, there was a great fall of hail.

In summer, the viscount of Ts‘oo, the marquises of Ts‘ae and Ch‘in, the earl of Ch‘ing, the baron of Heu, the viscounts of Seu, T‘ăng, Tun, Hoo, Shin, and Little Choo, Tso, heir-son of Sung, and [the chiefs of] the wild tribes of the Hwae, had a meeting in Shin.

The people seized and held the viscount of Seu.

In autumn, in the seventh month, the viscount of Ts‘oo, the marquises of Ts‘ae and Ch‘in, the baron of Heu, the viscounts of Tun, Hoo, and Shin, and [the chiefs of] the wild tribes of the Hwae, invaded Woo.

They seized K‘ing Fung of Ts‘e, and put him to death.

They then went on to extinguish Lae.

In the ninth month, we took Tsăng.

In winter, in the twelfth month, on Yih-maou, Shuh-sun P‘aou died.

In the [duke’s] fifth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, we disbanded the army of the centre.

Ts‘oo put to death its great officer, K‘euh Shin.

The duke went to Tsin.

In summer, Mow-e of Keu came a fugitive [to Loo], giving over to it [the cities of] Mow-low, Fang, and Tsze.

In autumn, in the seventh month, the duke arrived from Tsin.

On Mow-shin, Shuh Kung led a force, and defeated an army of Keu at Fun-ts‘euen.

The earl of Ts‘in died.

In winter, the viscount of Ts‘oo, the marquises of Ts‘ae and Ch‘in, the viscounts of Tun and Shin, an officer of Seu, and an officer of Yueh, invaded Woo.

In the duke’s sixth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, Yih-koo, earl of K‘e, died.

There was the burial of duke King of Ts‘in.

In summer, Ke-sun Suh went to Tsin.

There was the burial of duke Wăn of K‘e.

Hwa Hoh-pe of Sung fled from that State to Wei.

In autumn, in the ninth month, there was a grand sacrifice for rain.

Wei P‘e of Ts‘oo led a force and invaded Woo.

In winter, Shuh Kung went to Ts‘oo.

The marquis of Ts‘e invaded North Yen.

In the [duke’s] seventh year, in spring, in the king’s first month, [North Yen] made peace with Ts‘e.

In the third month, the duke went to Ts‘oo.

Shuh-sun Shay went to Ts‘e to make a covenant.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Këah-shin, the sun was eclipsed.

In autumn, in the eighth month, on Mow-shin, Goh, marquis of Wei, died.

In the ninth month, the duke arrived from Ts‘oo.

In winter in the eleventh month, on Kwei-we, Ke-sun Suh died.

In the twelfth month, on Kwei-hae, there was the burial of duke Ling of Wei.

In the [duke’s] eighth year, in spring, Shaou, younger brother of the marquis of Ch‘in, put to death Yen-sze, heir-son of the State.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Sin-ch‘ow, Neih, marquis of Ch‘in, died.

Shuh Kung went to Tsin.

The people of Ts‘oo seized Kan Ching-sze, the messenger of Ch‘in, and put him to death.

The Kung-tsze Lëw of Ch‘in fled from that State to Ch‘ing.

In autumn, we held a review in Hung.

The people of Ch‘in put to death its great officer, the Kung-tsze Kwo.

There was a grand sacrifice for rain.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Jin-woo, an army of Ts‘oo extinguished Ch‘in, seized the Kung-tsze Shaou and banished him to Yueh, and put to death K‘ung Hwan.

There was the burial of duke Gae of Ch‘in.

In the [duke’s] ninth year, in spring, Shuh Kung went to an interview with the viscount of Ts‘oo in Ch‘in.

Heu removed [its capital] to E.

In summer, in the fourth month, there was a fire in [the capital of] Ch‘in.

In autumn, Chung-sun Këoh went to Ts‘e.

In winter, we enclosed the park of Lang.

In the [duke’s] tenth year, it was spring, the king’s first month.

In summer, Lwan She of Ts‘e came to Loo a fugitive.

In autumn, in the seventh month, Ke-sun E-joo, Shuh Kung, and Chung-sun Këoh, led [our] army and invaded Keu.

On Mow-tsze, Pëw, marquis of Tsin, died.

In the ninth month, Shuh-sun Shay went to Tsin, to the burial of duke P‘ing.

In the twelfth month, on Këah-tsze, Ch‘ing, duke of Sung, died.

In the [duke’s] eleventh year, in spring, in the king’s second month, Shuh Kung went to Sung, to the burial of duke P‘ing.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Ting-sze, K‘ëen, viscount of Ts‘oo, beguiled Pan, marquis of Ts‘ae, to Shin, and there put him to death.

The Kung-tsze K‘e-tsih of Ts‘oo led an army and laid siege to [the capital of] Ts‘ae.

In the fifth month, on Këah-shin, the lady Kwei, wife [of duke Sëang], died.

We celebrated a grand review in P‘e-p‘oo.

Chung-sun Këoh had a meeting with the viscount of Choo, when they made a covenant in Ts‘in-ts‘ëang.

In autumn, K‘e-sun E-joo had a meeting with Han K‘e of Tsin, Kwoh Joh of Ts‘e, Hwa Hae of Sung, Pih-kung T‘o of Wei, Han Hoo of Ch‘ing, and officers of Ts‘aou and K‘e, in Keueh-yin.

In the ninth month, on Ke-hae, we buried our duchess Ts‘e Kwei.

In winter, in the eleventh month, on Ting-yëw, the army of Ts‘oo extinguished Ts‘ae, seized Yëw, heir-son of the State, and carried him back [to Ts‘oo], where he was sacrificed as a victim.

In the [duke’s] twelfth year, Kaou Yen of Ts‘e led a force, and replaced the earl of North Yen in Yang.

In the third month, on Jin-shin, Këa, earl of Ch‘ing, died.

In summer, the duke of Sung sent Hwa Ting to Loo on a complimentary mission.

The duke was going to Tsin; but when he got to the Ho, he returned.

In the fifth month, there was the burial of duke Këen of Ch‘ing.

Ts‘oo put to death its great officer Ch‘ing Hëung.

It was autumn, the seventh month.

In autumn, duke [Sëang’s] son Yin fled from the State to Ts‘e.

The viscount of Ts‘oo invaded Seu.

Tsin invaded the Sëen-yu.

In the [duke’s] thirteenth year, in spring, Shuh Kung led a force, and laid siege to Pe.

In summer, in the fourth month, the Kung-tsze Pe of Ts‘oo returned from Tsin to Ts‘oo, and murdered his ruler K‘ëen in Kan-k‘e.

The Kung-tsze K‘e-tsih of Ts‘oo put to death the Kung-tsze Pe.

In autumn, the duke had a meeting with the viscount of Lëw, the marquises of Tsin and Ts‘e, the duke of Sung, the marquis of Wei, the earls of Ch‘ing and Ts‘aou, the viscounts of Keu, Choo, and T‘ăng, the earls of Sëeh and K‘e, and the viscount of Little Choo, in T‘ing-K‘ëw.

In the eighth month, on Këah-seuh, they made a covenant together in P‘ing-k‘ëw.

[But] the duke did not take part in the covenant.

The people of Tsin seized Ke-sun E-joo, and took him back with them [to Tsin].

The duke arrived from the meeting.

Leu, marquis of Ts‘ae returned to [the rule of] Ts‘ae, and Woo, marquis of Ch‘in, to [the rule of] Ch‘in.

In winter, in the tenth month, there was the burial of duke Ling of Ts‘ae.

The duke was going to Tsin; but when he had got to the Ho, he returned.

Woo extinguished Chow-lae.

In the [duke’s] fourteenth year, in spring, E-joo arrived from Tsin.

In the third month, T‘ăng, earl of Ts‘aou, died.

It was summer, the fourth month.

In autumn, there was the burial of duke Woo of Ts‘aou.

In the eighth month, K‘eu-tsih, viscount of Keu, died.

In winter, Keu put to death the Kung-tsze, E-k‘wei.

In the [duke’s] fifteenth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, E-mei, viscount of Woo, died.

In the second month, on Kwei-yëw, there was a sacrifice in the temple of duke Woo, when Shuh Kung died as the flute-players were entering. The musicians were [consequently] sent away, and the sacrifice was finished [without them].

In summer, Chaou Woo of Ts‘ae fled from that State to Ch‘ing.

In the 6th month, on Ting-sze, the first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed.

In autumn, Sëun Woo of Tsin led a force and invaded Sëen-yu.

In winter, the duke went to Tsin.

In the [duke’s] sixteenth year, in spring, the marquis of Ts‘e invaded Seu.

The viscount of Ts‘oo inveigled the viscount of the Man-jung [into his power], and put him to death.

In summer, the duke arrived from Tsin.

In autumn, in the eighth month, on Ke-hae, E, marquis of Tsin, died.

In the ninth month, we had a great sacrifice for rain.

Ke-sun E-joo went to Tsin.

In winter, in the twelfth month, there was the burial of duke Ch‘aou of Tsin.

In the [duke’s] seventeenth year, in spring, the viscount of Little Choo came to Loo to court.

In summer, in the sixth month, on Këah-seuh, the first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed.

In autumn, the viscount of T‘an came to the court of Loo.

In the eighth month, Seun Woo of Tsin led a force, and extinguished the Jung of Luh-hwăn.

In winter, there was a comet in Ta-shin.

A body of men from Ts‘oo fought a battle with Woo in Ch‘ang-gan.

In the [duke’s] eighteenth year, in spring, in the king’s third month, Seu, earl of Ts‘aou, died.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Jin-woo, the calamity of fire occurred in [the capitals of] Sung, Wei, Ch‘in, and Ch‘ing.

In the sixth month, a body of men from Choo entered Yu.

In autumn, there was the burial of duke P‘ing of Ts‘aou.

In winter, Heu removed [its capital] to Pih-yu.

In the [duke’s] nineteenth year, the duke of Sung invaded Choo.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Mow-shin, She, heir-son of Heu, murdered his ruler Mae.

On Ke-maou, there was an earthquake.

In autumn, Kaou Fah of Ts‘e led a force and invaded Keu.

In winter there was the burial of duke Taou of Heu.

In the [duke’s]. twentieth year, it was spring, the king’s first month.

In summer, the Kung-sun Hwuy of Ts‘aou fled from Mung to Sung.

In autumn, some ruffians killed Chih, the elder brother of the marquis of Wei.

In winter, in the tenth month, Hwa Hae, Hëang Ning, and Hwa Ting of Sung fled from that State to Ch‘ing.

In the eleventh month, on Sin-maou, Leu, marquis of Ts‘ae, died.

In the [duke’s] twenty-first year, in spring, in the king’s third month, there was the burial of duke P‘ing of Ts‘ae.

In summer, the marquis of Tsin sent Sze Yang to Loo on a complimentary mission.

Hwa Hae, Hëang Ning, and Hwa Ting of Sung entered Nan-le [in the capital] of that State from Ch‘in, and held it in revolt.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Jin-woo, the first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed.

In the eighth month, on Yih-hae, Shuh Cheh died.

In winter, Choo, marquis of Ts‘ae, fled from that State to Ts‘oo.

The duke was going to Tsin; but when he had got to the Ho, he returned.

In the [duke’s] twenty-second year, in spring, the marquis of Ts‘e invaded Keu.

Hwa Hae, Hëang Ning, and Hwa Ting of Sung, fled from Nan-le of that State to Ts‘oo.

We had a grand review in Ch‘ang-këen.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Yih-ch‘ow, the king [by] Heaven’s [grace] died.

In the sixth month, Shuh Yang went to the capital to the burial of king King.

The royal House was in confusion.

The viscounts of Lëw and Shen, having with them the king Măng, took up their residence in Hwang.

In autumn, the viscounts of Lëw and Shen entered the royal city with the king Măng.

In winter, in the tenth month, the king’s son Măng died.

In the twelfth month, on Kwei-yëw, the first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed.

In the [duke’s] twenty-third year, in spring, in the king’s first month, Shuh-sun Shay went to Tsin.

On Kwei-ch‘ow, Shuh Yang died.

The people of Tsin seized our internuncius, Shuh-sun Shay.

The troops of Tsin laid siege to Këaou.

In summer, in the sixth month, Tung-kwoh, marquis of Ts‘ae, died in Ts‘oo.

In autumn, in the seventh month, Kăng-yu, viscount of Keu, came a fugitive to Loo.

On Mow-shin, Woo defeated the armies of Tun, Hoo, Shin, Ts‘ae, Ch‘in, and Heu at Ke-foo, when K‘wăn, viscount of Hoo, and Ch‘ing, viscount of Shin, were killed, and Hëa Nëeh of Ch‘in was taken.

The king [by] Heaven’s [grace] resided at Teih-ts‘euen, and the chief of the House of Yin raised king [King’s] son Chaou to the throne.

In the eighth month, on Yih-we, there was an earthquake.

In winter, the duke was going to Tsin; but when he arrived at the Ho, he fell ill and returned.

In the [duke’s] twenty-fourth year, in spring, in the king’s second month, on Ping-seuh, Chung-sun Këoh died.

Shuh-sun Shay arrived from Tsin.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Yih-we, the first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed.

In autumn, in the eighth month, there was a great sacrifice for rain.

On Ting-yëw, Yuh-le, earl of K‘e, died.

In winter, Woo extinguished Ch‘aou.

There was the burial of duke P‘ing of K‘e.

In the [duke’s] twenty-fifth year, in spring, Shuh-sun Shay went to Sung.

In summer, Shuh E had a meeting with Chaou Yang of Tsin, Yoh Ta-sin of Sung, Pih-kung He of Wei, Yëw Keih of Ch‘ing, and officers of Ts‘aou, Choo, T‘ăng, Sëeh, and Little Choo, in Hwang-foo.

Grackles came to Loo and built nests in trees.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on the first Sin day there was a great sacrifice for rain. On the last Sin day, we sacrificed for rain again.

In the ninth month, on Ke-hae, the duke retired to Ts‘e. He halted at Yang-chow.

The marquis of Ts‘e came to condole with the duke in Yay-tsing.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Mow-shin, Shuh-sun Shay died.

In the eleventh month, on Ke-hae, Tso, duke of Sung, died in K‘euh-keih.

In the twelfth month, the marquis of Ts‘e took Yun.

In the [duke’s] twenty-sixth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, there was the burial of duke Yuen of Sung.

In the third month, the duke arrived from Ts‘e, and resided in Yun.

In summer, the duke laid siege to Ch‘ing.

In autumn, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e, the viscounts of Keu and Choo, and the earl of K‘e, when they made a covenant in Chuen-ling.

The duke arrived from the meeting, and resided in Yun.

In the ninth month, on Kăng-shin, Keu, viscount of Ts‘oo, died.

In winter, in the tenth month, the king [by] Heaven’s [grace] entered Ch‘ing-chow.

The chief of the House of Yin, and the earls of Shaou and Maou, fled to Ts‘oo, having with them the [late] king’s son Chaou.

In the [duke’s] twenty-seventh year, he went to Ts‘e. He arrived from Ts‘e. and resided in Yun.

In summer, in the fourth month, Woo murdered its ruler, Lëaou.

Ts‘oo put to death its great officer, Këoh Yuen.

In autumn, Sze Yang of Tsin, Yoh K‘e-le of Sung, Pih-kung He of Wei, and officers of Ts‘aou, Choo, and T‘ăng, had a meeting in Hoo.

In winter, in the tenth month, Woo, earl of Ts‘aou, died.

K‘wae of Choo came a fugitive to Loo.

The duke went to Ts‘e.

The duke arrived from Ts‘e, and resided in Yun.

In the [duke’s] twenty-eighth year, in spring, in the king’s third month, there was the burial of duke Taou of Ts‘aou.

The duke went to Tsin. He halted in Kan-how.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Ping-seuh, Ning, earl of Ch‘ing, died.

In the sixth month, there was the burial of duke Ting of Ch‘ing.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Kwei-sze, Ning, viscount of T‘ăng, died.

In winter, there was the burial of duke Taou of T‘ăng.

In the [duke’s] twenty-ninth year, he came from Kan-how, and resided in Yun. The marquis of Ts‘e sent Kaou Chang there to condole with him.

The duke went to Tsin, and halted in Kan-how.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Kăng-tsze, Shuh E died.

It was autumn, the ninth month.

In winter, in the tenth month, [the people] of Yun dispersed.

In his thirtieth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke was in Kan-how.

In summer, in the sixth month, K‘eu-tsih, marquis of Tsin, died.

In autumn, in the eighth month, there was the burial of duke K‘ing of Tsin.

In winter, in the twelfth month, Woo extinguished Seu, and Chang-yu, viscount of Seu, fled to Ts‘oo.

In his thirty-first year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke was in Kan-how.

Kë-sun E-joo, had a meeting with Sëun Leih of Tsin in Teih-leih.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Ting-sze, Kuh, earl of Sëeh, died.

The marquis of Tsin sent Sëun Leih to condole with the duke in Kan-how.

In autumn, there was the burial of duke Hëen of Sëeh.

In winter Hih-kwăng came a fugitive to Loo with [the city of] Lan.

In the twelfth month, on Sin-hae, the first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed.

In his thirty-second year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke was in Kan-how. He took K‘an.

In summer, Woo invaded Yueh.

It was autumn, the seventh month.

In winter, Chung-sun Ho-ke joined Han Puh-sin of Tsin, Kaou Chang of Ts‘e, Chung Ke of Sung, She-shuh Shin of Wei, Kwoh Ts‘an of Ch‘ing, and officers of Ts‘aou, Keu, Sëeh, K‘e, and Little Choo, in walling Ch‘ing-chow.

In the twelfth month, on Ke-we, the duke died in Kan-how.