Spring and Autumn Annals

In the [duke’s] first year, in spring, in the king’s third month, the people of Tsin seized Chung Ke of Sung in the capital.

In summer, in the sixth month, on Kwei-hae, the coffin of duke [Ch‘aou] arrived from Kan-how. On Mow-shin the duke came to the [vacant] seat.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Kwei-sze, we buried our ruler, duke Ch‘aou.

In the ninth month, there was a grand sacrifice for rain

We set up a temple to duke Yang.

In winter, in the tenth month, there fell hoarfrost, which killed the pulse.

In the [duke’s] second year, it was the spring, the king’s first month.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Jin-shin, the south gate of the palace, and the two side towers caught fire.

In autumn, a body of men from Ts‘oo invaded Woo.

In winter, in the tenth month, we made anew the south gate of the palace, and its two side towers.

In the duke’s third year, in spring, in the king’s first month, he was going to Tsin; but when he got to the Ho, he returned.

In the second month, on Sin-maou, Ch‘uen, viscount of Choo, died.

It was summer, the fourth month.

In autumn, there was the burial of duke Chwang of Choo.

In winter, Chung-sun Ho-ke and the viscount of Choo made a covenant in Pah.

In the duke’s fourth year, in spring, in the king’s second month, Woo, marquis of Ch‘in, died.

In the third month, the duke had a meeting with the viscount of Lëw, the marquis of Tsin, the duke of Sung, the marquises of Ts‘ae and Wei, the [heir-] son of Ch‘in, the earl of Ch‘ing, the baron of Heu, the earl of Ts‘aou, the viscounts of Keu, Choo, Tun, Hoo, and T‘ăng, the earls of Sëeh and K‘e, the viscount of little Choo, and Kwoh Hëa of Ts‘e, in Shaou-ling, when they made an incursion into Ts‘oo.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Kăng-shin, the Kung-sun Săng of Ts‘ae led a force and extinguished Shin, carrying back with him Këa, the viscount of Shin, whom he then put to death.

In the fifth month, the duke and the above princes made a covenant in Kaou-yëw.

Ch‘ing, earl of K‘e, died during the meeting.

In the sixth month, there was the burial of duke Hwuy of Ch‘in.

Heu removed [its capital] to Yung-shing.

In autumn, in the seventh month, the duke arrived from the meeting.

K‘euen of Lëw died.

There was the burial of duke Taou of K‘e.

A body of men from Ts‘oo laid siege to [the capital of] Ts‘ae.

Sze Yang of Tsin and K‘ung Yu of Wei led a force, and invaded Sëen-yu.

There was the burial of duke Wăn of Lëw.

In winter, in the eleventh month, on Kăng-woo, the marquis of Ts‘ae and the viscount of Woo fought with an army of Ts‘oo in Pih-keu, when the army of Ts‘oo was disgracefully defeated. Nang Wa of Ts‘oo fled from that State to Ch‘ing.

On Kăng-shin, Woo entered Ying.

In the [duke’s] fifth year, in spring, in the king’s third month, on Sin-hae, the first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed.

In summer, we sent grain to Ts‘ae.

Yu-yueh entered Woo.

Ke-sun E-joo died.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Jin-tsze, Shuh-sun Puh-kan died.

In winter, Sze Yang of Tsin led a force, and laid siege to [the chief town of] Sëen-yu.

In the [duke’s] sixth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, on Kwei-hae, Yëw Suh of Ch‘ing, at the head of a force, extinguished Heu, and carried Sze, baron of Heu, back with him to Ch‘ing.

In the second month, the duke made an incursion into Ch‘ing.

The duke arrived from the incursion into Ch‘ing.

In summer, Ke-sun Sze and Chung-sun Ho-ke went to Tsin.

In autumn, the people of Tsin seized Yoh K‘e-le, the messenger of Sung.

In winter, we walled Chung-shing.

Ke-sun Sze and Chung-sun Ke led a force, and laid siege to Yun.

In the [duke’s] seventh year, it was the spring, the king’s first month.

It was summer, the fourth month.

In autumn, the marquis of Ts‘e and the earl of Ch‘ing made a covenant in Hëen.

The people of Ts‘e seized Pih-kung Këeh, the messenger of Wei, and proceeded to make an incursion into that State.

The marquises of Ts‘e and Wei made a covenant in Sha.

There was a grand sacrifice for rain.

Kwoh Hëa of Ts‘e led a force and invaded our western border.

In the ninth month, there was a grand sacrifice for rain.

It was winter, the tenth month.

In his eighth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the duke made an incursion into Ts‘e.

The duke arrived from the incursion into Ts‘e.

In the second month, the duke made an incursion into Ts‘e.

In the third month, the duke arrived from the incursion into Ts‘e.

Loo, earl of Ts‘aou, died.

In summer, Kwoh Hëa of Ts‘e led a force, and invaded our western border.

The duke had a meeting with an army of Tsin in Wa.

The duke arrived from Wa.

In autumn, in the ninth month, on Mow-shin, Lëw, marquis of Ch‘in, died.

Sze Yang of Tsin led a force, and made an incursion into Ch‘ing, going on to make one into Wei.

There was the burial of duke Tsing of Ts‘aou.

In the ninth month, there was the burial of duke Hwae of Ch‘in.

Ke-sun Sze and Chung-sun Ho-ke led a force, and made an incursion into Wei.

In winter, the marquis of Wei and the earl of Ch‘ing made a covenant in K‘ëuh-puh.

We sacrificed to the former dukes according to their proper order.

A robber stole the precious [symbol of] jade and the great bow.

It was [the duke’s] ninth year, the spring, the king’s first month.

In summer, in the fourth month, on Mow-shin, Ch‘ae, earl of Ch‘ing, died.

We got [again] the precious [symbol of] jade and the great bow.

In the sixth month, there was the burial of duke Hëen of Ch‘ing.

In autumn, the marquises of Ts‘e and Wei halted at Woo-she.

The earl of Ts‘in died.

In winter, there was the burial of duke Gae of Ts‘in.

In the [duke’s] tenth year, in spring, in the king’s third month, we made peace with Ts‘e.

In summer, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e at Këah-kuh.

The duke came from Këah-kuh.

Chaou Yang of Tsin led a force, and laid siege to [the capital of] Wei.

An officer came from Ts‘e and restored [to us] Yun, Hwan, and the lands of Kwei-yin.

Shuh-sun Chow-k‘ëw and Chung-sun Ho-ke led a force, and laid siege to How.

In autumn, Shuh-sun Chow-k‘ëw and Chung-sun Ho-ke led a force, and laid siege to How.

Yoh Ta-sin of Sung fled from that State to Ts‘aou.

The Kung-tsze Te of Sung fled from that State to Ch‘in.

In winter, the marquises of Ts‘e and Wei, and Yëw Suh of Ch‘ing, had a meeting in Gan-poo.

Shuh-sun Chow-k‘ëw went to Ts‘e.

Shin, a younger brother of the duke of Sung, with Chung T‘o and Shih K‘ow, fled from that State to Ch‘in.

In the [duke’s] eleventh year, in spring, Shin, younger brother of the duke of Sung, with Chung T‘o, Shih K‘ow, and the Kung-tsze Te, [returning] from Ch‘in, entered Sëaou, and held it in revolt.

It was summer, the fourth month.

In autumn, Yoh Ta-sin entered Sëaou from Ts‘aou.

In winter, we made peace with Ch‘ing, and Shuh Seuen proceeded thither to make a covenant.

In the [duke’s] twelfth year, in spring, Ting, earl of Sëeh, died.

In summer, there was the burial of duke Sëang of Sëeh.

Shuh-sun Chow-k‘ëw led a force, and pulled down the walls of How.

Kung-măng K‘ow of Wei led a force, and invaded Ts‘aou.

Ke-sun Sze and Chung-sun Ho-ke led a force, and pulled down the walls of Pe.

In autumn, there was a grand sacrifice for rain.

In winter, in the tenth month, on Kwei-hae, the duke had a meeting with the marquis of Ts‘e, when they made a covenant in Hwang.

In the eleventh month, on Ping-yin, the first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed.

The duke arrived from Hwang.

In the twelfth month, the duke laid siege to Ch‘ing.

The duke arrived from besieging Ching.

In the [duke’s] thirteenth year, in spring, the marquises of Ts‘e and Wei halted at Ch‘uy-këa.

In summer, we enclosed the park of Shay-yuen.

There was a grand review at P‘e-p‘oo.

Kung-măng K‘ow of Wei led a force and invaded Ts‘aou.

In autumn, Chaou Yang of Tsin entered into Tsin-yang, and held it in revolt.

In winter, Seun Yin and Sze Keih-shih of Tsin entered into Chaou-ko and held it in revolt.

Chaou Yang of Tsin returned to [the capital of] that State.

Sëeh murdered its ruler Pe.

In the [duke’s] fourteenth year, in spring, Kung-shuh Shoo of Wei came a fugitive to Loo.

Chaou Yang of Wei fled from that State to Sung.

In the second month, the Kung-tsze Këeh of Ts‘oo, and the Kung-sun T‘o-jin of Ch‘in, led a force and extinguished Tun, carrying Tsang, the viscount of Tun, back with them [to Ts‘oo.]

In summer, Pih-kung Këeh of Wei came a fugitive to Loo.

In the fifth month, Yu-yueh defeated Woo at Tsuy-le.

Kwang, viscount of Woo, died.

The duke had a meeting with the marquises of Ts‘e and Wei in K‘ëen.

The duke arrived from the meeting.

In autumn, the marquis of Ts‘e and the duke of Sung had a meeting in T‘aou.

The king [by] Heaven’s [grace] sent Shih Shang to Loo with a present of the flesh of sacrifice.

Kwae-wae, heir-son of Wei, fled from that State to Sung.

Kung-măng K‘ow of Wei fled from that State to Ch‘ing.

Shin, younger brother of the duke of Sung, came a fugitive to Loo from Sëaou.

There was a grand review in P‘e-p‘oo.

The viscount of Shoo came and had a meeting with the duke.

We walled Keu-foo and Sëaou.

In the [duke’s] fifteenth year, in spring, in the king’s first month, the viscount of Choo came to Loo on a court visit.

Field-mice ate at the ox for the border sacrifice, so that it died; and another was divined for.

In the second month, on Sin-ch‘ow, the viscount of Ts‘oo extinguished Hoo, and carried P‘aou, viscount of Hoo, back with him to Ts‘oo.

In summer, in the fifth month, on Sin-hae, we offered the border sacrifice.

On Jin-shin, the duke died in the high chamber.

Han Tah of Ch‘ing led a force, and invaded Sung.

The marquises of Ts‘e and Wei halted at K‘eu-ch‘oo.

The viscount of Choo came hurrying to the [ceremonies consequent on the duke’s] death.

In autumn, in the seventh month, on Jin-shin, the lady Sze died.

In the eighth month, on Kăng-shin, the first day of the moon, the sun was eclipsed.

In the ninth month, the viscount of T‘ăng came to be present at the [duke’s] funeral.

On Ting-sze there should have been the interment of our ruler duke Ting; [but] the rain came down, so that it couldnot be carried out. On Mow-woo, in the afternoon, it was done.

On Sin-sze, there was the burial of Ting Sze.

In winter, we walled Ts‘eih.